A type of special cargo handling vehicle used for loading and unloading materials and transporting materials within factories, warehouses, ports, stations, cargo distribution bases, markets, etc. It is usually a four-wheeled vehicle with two masts at the front, and two forks that move up and down along the masts are inserted under the cargo to lift it. The lifting capacity ranges from 1 ton for small vehicles to 40 tons for large vehicles, but the maximum lifting height is typically 3 meters. The lifting speed at full load is about 220 to 480 millimeters per second, but for super large vehicles of 40 tons, it slows down to 140 millimeters per second. To facilitate loading and unloading and to improve stability while traveling, the mast can be tilted forward and backward, with a forward tilt of 6 degrees and a backward tilt of 12 degrees being the standard. Some vehicles have various attachments instead of forks depending on the shape and characteristics of the cargo to be handled, and some are interchangeable. Although they have four wheels, they are maneuverable and, as the forks must be precisely inserted under the nearest load, they usually move by steering the rear wheels and driving the front wheels. Usually, the forks are located in front of the front wheels, and the load is balanced and lifted using the weight of the load behind the front wheels, but there are also reach-type forklifts that use small-diameter front wheels to insert under the load and lift it. They are characterized by their short overall length and greater maneuverability. The prime movers are internal combustion engines such as gasoline, diesel, and turbocharged internal combustion engines, as well as electric motors powered by batteries, and in the case of internal combustion engines, they have two-speed manual or automatic transmissions for both forward and reverse. Larger ones are also equipped with power steering. [Takashima Shizuo] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
工場、倉庫、港湾、駅、貨物流通基地、市場などにおいて、物資の積み下ろし、構内輸送などに使用される荷役用特殊自動車の一種。通常は四輪車で、前方に2本のマストをもち、それに沿って上下する2本のフォークを荷物の下に差し込み、持ち上げる。荷揚げ能力は小は1トンから、大は40トンにまで及ぶが、最大揚高は3メートルが標準的である。全負荷での荷揚げ速度は毎秒220~480ミリメートル程度であるが、40トンの超大型になると140ミリメートルと遅くなる。荷役を容易にするとともに、走行中の安定をよくするために、マストは前後に傾けられるようになっており、前傾6度、後傾12度というのが標準的である。取り扱う荷物の形態、性状などに応じて、フォークのかわりにさまざまなアタッチメントを備えたものもあるし、交換可能なものもある。 四輪であるが小回りが効き、至近の荷物の下に正確にフォークを差し込まなければならないので、通常は後輪を操向、前輪を駆動して走る。通常は前輪よりも前にフォークがあり、前輪より後ろの自重で荷物とバランスをとって持ち上げるが、小径の前輪を荷物の下に差し入れて持ち上げる式のリーチ型フォークリフトもある。全長が短く、いっそう小回りが効くのが特徴である。原動機としてはガソリン、ディーゼル、同ターボ付きなどの内燃機関と、バッテリーによる電気モーターがあり、内燃機関の場合には前後進とも2段の手動または自動変速機を備える。大型のものではパワーステアリングも装備される。 [高島鎮雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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