French critic. Born in Nimes in the south of France. After graduating from the Sorbonne, he stayed in Madagascar (1907-11), working as a teacher at a newly established lycée and as a gold miner, while devoting himself to the study of the island's folk songs, namely proverbs and songs with riddle-like lines of poetry. The result of this work was Les Hain-Tenys (1910-13, new edition 1939), which paved the way for his masterpiece, Flowers of Tarbes (1941). After returning from Madagascar, he became a teacher at an oriental language school, and later participated in the editing of NRF (New French Review), eventually becoming its editor-in-chief. In 1940, he refused to cooperate with Germany, joined the resistance movement, and founded the newspaper Lettres Française. With the arrival of peace, he made a great contribution by reviving the discontinued NRF. Paulhan is said to be a master at discovering new talent, and his letters are said to be indispensable materials for discussing the history of modern French literary world (for example, the Paulhan-Ponge Correspondence, 1986). [Yoshitaka Matsuzaki] "Flowers of Tarbes" translated by Hideo Nomura (1968, Shobunsha) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの批評家。南仏ニームの生まれ。ソルボンヌ卒業後、マダガスカルに滞在(1907~11)、新設のリセの教師、砂金採掘師などを経験、かたわら、島の民謡、すなわち諺(ことわざ)や謎(なぞ)めいた詩行を含む歌謡の研究に打ち込む。『ハイン・テニィ』Les Hain-Tenys(1910~13、新版1939)がその成果で、代表作『タルブの花』(1941)への道を開いた。マダガスカルから帰国、東洋語学校の教師を経て、『NRF(エヌエルエフ)(新フランス評論)』の編集に参加、やがて編集長となる。1940年、対独協力を拒否しレジスタンス運動に入り『レットル・フランセーズ』紙を創刊する。平和の到来とともに、廃刊されていた『NRF』をよみがえらせた功績は大きい。ポーランは新人発掘の名人といわれ、またその書簡は、現代フランス文壇史を語るには欠くことのできない資料といわれている(たとえば『ポーラン=ポンジュ往復書簡集』1986)。 [松崎芳隆] 『野村英夫訳『タルブの花』(1968・晶文社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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