Ferritin

Japanese: フェリチン - ふぇりちん(英語表記)ferritin
Ferritin

A type of iron protein. It is found in the liver, spleen, small intestinal mucosa, bone marrow, and muscles, and contains 20-24% iron and 1-2% phosphorus. The protein part, apoferritin, has a molecular weight of about 480,000 and is composed of 24 subunits with a molecular weight of about 18,500 and 20 subunits with a molecular weight of about 24,000, forming a spherical shell with a diameter of about 120 angstroms (Å). A maximum of 4,500 iron atoms are wrapped inside this in the form of trivalent iron hydroxide and iron phosphate. The subunit consists of 163 amino acids, two-thirds of which form an α-helix (one of the stable helical structures that a polypeptide chain can take). In vertebrates, there are H and L types (peptide chains. H chains are heavy chains with a large molecular weight, and L chains are light chains with a small molecular weight), while in plants and bacteria, only the H type exists. It absorbs iron in the small intestinal mucosa and stores it in other organs. Adult males contain about 3.5 grams of iron, of which 1 gram exists as ferritin. Women have about half that amount. Antibodies bound to ferritin are used to observe the location of specific antigens in tissues using an electron microscope. These antibodies are also one of the tumor markers (substances that indicate the possible presence of cancer). Mitochondrial ferritin is made up of a precursor with a molecular weight of about 30,000, which becomes a subunit with about 22,000 subunits, and 20 of these are assembled together. Ferritin has been confirmed to be found in mold and plants, and although the amino acid sequence of related proteins differs considerably, the three-dimensional structure is highly conserved. Hemosiderin is found in reticuloendothelial cells and between them, and is considered to be a partially digested and polymerized shell of ferritin protein, and has a high iron content of nearly 40%. It is found in humans, horses, frogs, bacteria, etc. and has a higher iron content than ferritin. In addition, in 2003, it was reported from China that the ferritin subunit of the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii, consists of 206 amino acids.

[Koji Nomura]

"Iron Deficiency Anemia: Basics and Clinical Practice of Iron" by Tatsumi Uchida (1996, Shinko Medical Publishing)

[References] | Amino acids | Polymerization | Iron proteins | Peptide bonds | Hemoglobin | Mitochondria | Lysosomes

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鉄タンパク質の一つ。肝臓、脾臓(ひぞう)、小腸粘膜、骨髄、筋肉などにあり、20~24%の鉄と1~2%のリンを含む。タンパク質部分のアポフェリチンは分子量約48万で、分子量約1万8500のサブユニット24個と約2万4000のサブユニット20個からなり、直径約120オングストローム(Å)の球形の殻をつくっている。この内部に最大限4500個の鉄原子が、三価の水酸化鉄、リン酸鉄の形で包み込まれている。サブユニットはアミノ酸163個からなり、その3分の2がα(アルファ)-ヘリックス(ポリペプチド鎖がとりうる安定な螺旋(らせん)構造の一つ)をつくっている。脊椎(せきつい)動物ではH、L型(ペプチド鎖。H鎖は分子量の大きい重鎖、L鎖は小さい軽鎖)があり、植物、細菌ではH型だけがある。小腸粘膜では鉄の吸収、他の臓器では鉄の貯蔵の役割をもっている。成人男子は約3.5グラムの鉄を含有するが、そのうちの1グラムがフェリチンとして存在する。女子はその半分くらいである。フェリチンを結合させた抗体は、組織内の特定の抗原の所在を電子顕微鏡で観察するために使われる。この抗体は、腫瘍マーカー(しゅようまーかー)(癌(がん)の存在の可能性を示す物質)の一つでもある。ミトコンドリアのフェリチンは分子量約3万の前駆体から約2万2000のサブユニットになり、その20個が集合してできている。フェリチンはカビや植物にもあることが確認されており、関連タンパク質間でのアミノ酸配列はかなり違いがあるが、立体構造の保存性が高い。なお、ヘモシデリンhemosiderinは細網内皮系細胞やその細胞間にあって、フェリチンタンパク質の殻が一部消化重合したものとされており、鉄含量は40%近くと高い。ヒト、ウマ、カエル、細菌などにありフェリチンより鉄含有量が多い。なお、2003年アコヤガイ(シンジュガイ)のフェリチン・サブユニットがアミノ酸206個からなることが中国から報告された。

[野村晃司]

『内田立身著『鉄欠乏性貧血――鉄の基礎と臨床』(1996・新興医学出版社)』

[参照項目] | アミノ酸 | 重合 | 鉄タンパク質 | ペプチド結合 | ヘモグロビン | ミトコンドリア | リソゾーム

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