Conscientious objection - ryousintekiheikikyohi

Japanese: 良心的兵役拒否 - りょうしんてきへいえききょひ

Refusing to serve in the military in accordance with one's own beliefs. It is not a passive or evasive act, but an active act of rejecting all military service by declaring war to be evil. In most cases, this is based on religious beliefs, but in recent years it can also be based on political or ideological beliefs. For a long time, such acts were severely punished as acts of treason against the state. However, around the time of World War I, some countries began to allow refusal to serve in the military, based on the respect for the free will of human beings, and this now extends to over a dozen countries in Europe and the United States. However, strict screening is conducted for those who are exempt from military service, and in some cases they may be required to perform non-combat military service or engage in civilian labor as an alternative. →Conscription evasion→Related topics Quakers

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

自己の信条に従って兵役につくのを拒否すること。受動的・逃避的なものではなく，戦争を悪と断じて一切の軍務を拒否するという積極的な行為である。宗教的信条に基づく場合が多いが，近年は政治的・思想的信条に基づく場合もある。このような行為は長く国家に対する反逆行為として厳罰に処せられていた。しかし第１次大戦ころから人間の自由意思の尊重という観点から，兵役拒否を認める国も現れ，欧米十数ヵ国に及んでいる。しかし兵役免除にはきびしい審査が加えられ，非戦闘軍務，または代替として民間労務につくことを義務づける場合もある。→徴兵忌避
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