It is also called fibrin. In blood coagulation, thrombin acts on fibrinogen (Aα (alpha), Bβ (beta), and γ (gamma)) 2 , which is the blood coagulation factor I in plasma, and the arginine Arg16-glycine Gly17 (Aα) and Arg14-Gly15 (Bβ) of fibrinopeptides A and B are separated, leaving a poorly soluble fibrin monomer (αβγ) 2. This is further cross-linked between γ-γ and then between α-α by the action of transglutaminase, which is coagulation factor ⅩⅢa, to form an insoluble fibrin polymer, which forms a mesh-like structure that entangles blood cells and forms a clot. In the α chain, fibronectin and α 2 -plasmin inhibitor are also cross-linked by ⅩⅢa. Spongy fibrin without blood cells is used in surgery to stop bleeding and fill excision sites. Fibrin is gradually degraded by plasmin, a serine protease present in serum. [Koji Nomura] [References] | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
繊維素(線維素)ともいう。血液凝固において、血漿(けっしょう)中の血液凝固第Ⅰ因子であるフィブリノゲン(Aα(アルファ)・Bβ(ベータ)・γ(ガンマ))2にトロンビンが作用してフィブリノペプチドAおよびBのそれぞれアルギニンArg16-グリシンGly17(Aα)とArg14-Gly15(Bβ)を切り離した残りが難溶性のフィブリンモノマー(αβγ)2である。これがさらに凝固因子ⅩⅢaであるトランスグルタミナーゼの作用によってγ-γ間、次にα-α間にイソペプチド架橋ができ、不溶性のフィブリンポリマーとなり、網状になって血球を絡め、凝血塊となる。α鎖ではフィブロネクチンやα2-プラスミンインヒビターもⅩⅢaによって架橋される。血球を除いた海綿状フィブリンは外科手術の際、止血用や切除部分の充填(じゅうてん)用に使われる。フィブリンは、血清中のセリンプロテアーゼの一つであるプラスミンによって徐々に分解される。 [野村晃司] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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