Blast cell - gakyu

Japanese: 芽球 - がきゅう
Blast cell - gakyu

This is a structure that allows freshwater sponges and tetraaxial sponges such as the Isocybe nasturtium to survive dry and low-temperature periods and to reproduce asexually. Inside the corpus cavernosum, nutrient-rich yolk cells, a type of migratory cell, form a mass, which is surrounded by a layer of columnar cells, and spicule mother cells form a spicule layer and a chitin membrane, completing a blast cell with a diameter of 300 to 500 micrometers. When the corpus cavernosum collapses, the blast cell is released into the water, where it can withstand freezing and drying, and when conditions are favorable, the yolk cell mass crawls out of the blast cell with an amoeba-like movement and differentiates into various cells to form a new corpus cavernosum. The blast cell also helps to expand its distribution range by attaching to waterfowl and fish.

[Sadao Yasugi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

淡水海綿および四軸海綿のうちのイソカイメンなどが、乾期や低温期に耐え、一種の無性生殖をするための構造をいう。海綿体内に、遊走細胞の一種である栄養に富む卵黄細胞が集塊を形成し、周囲を1層の柱状細胞が被覆し、さらに骨片母細胞が骨片層とキチン膜を形成して、直径300~500マイクロメートルの芽球が完成する。芽球は海綿体が崩壊すると水中に放出され、凍結・乾燥に耐え、条件がよくなると卵黄細胞塊がアメーバのような運動で芽球からはい出し、種々の細胞に分化して新海綿体を形成する。芽球はまた水鳥や魚などに付着して分布範囲を拡大するのにも役だつ。

[八杉貞雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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