1837‐1923 Dutch physicist. Born in Leiden. While working as an elementary school teacher, he studied physics at Leiden University. Inspired by R. Clausius's kinetic molecular theory of the nature of heat, he attempted to explain in molecular terms the experimental results of Andrews, who had experimentally studied the state of carbon dioxide and discovered its critical temperature. As a result, he came to the conclusion that there is no essential difference between the gas and liquid states of a substance, and in 1873 he submitted a doctoral thesis entitled "On the continuity of gas and liquid," in which he presented an equation of state for real gases that takes into account the attractive forces between gas molecules and the volume of the molecules themselves. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1837‐1923 オランダの物理学者。ライデンの生れ。小学校の教師をするかたわら,ライデン大学で物理学を学んだ。R.クラウジウスの熱の本性に関する分子運動論に触発され,二酸化炭素の状態を実験的に研究し臨界温度を発見していたアンドルーズの実験結果を,分子論的に説明することを試みた。その結果,物質の気体と液体の状態に本質的な違いがないという考えに達し,1873年,〈気体と液体の連続性について〉と題する学位論文を提出,この中で,気体分子間の引力と分子自身の体積を考慮に入れた実在気体の状態方程式を示した。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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