The original purpose of the non-life insurance system was to compensate for losses incurred by the occurrence of an insured event. If insurance money was paid even when there was no loss, or if insurance money was paid in excess of the amount of the loss, the insured would gain from the occurrence of the insured event, making the insurance a form of gambling, and there is also the risk that the insured may intentionally cause an insured event in order to collect the insurance money. Therefore, for a non-life insurance contract to be valid, there must be an interest that is at risk of being damaged. This interest is called the insurable interest. The insurable interest can be either a positive interest (for example, the interest of the owner of a house) or a negative interest (for example, the liability of a tenant of a house). The insurable interest must also be something that can be evaluated in monetary terms, and the payment of insurance money must not violate laws, regulations, or public order and morals. The monetary value of the insurable interest is called the insured value. [Takuji Kaneko] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
損害保険制度はもともと、保険事故の発生によって生じた損害を填補(てんぽ)することを目的とするものである。損害がなかったのに保険金が支払われ、あるいは損害の額を超えて保険金が支払われるとすれば、保険事故が発生することよって被保険者は利得するから、保険は賭博(とばく)となり、また被保険者が保険金目当てに故意に保険事故を引き起こす危険も考えられる。そこで、損害保険契約が有効に成立するためには、損害を受けるおそれのある利益が存在しなければならないとされている。この利益を被保険利益という。被保険利益は積極的な利益(たとえば家屋の所有者の利益)でも、消極的な利益(たとえば家屋の賃借人の責任)でもよい。被保険利益はまた、金銭に評価できるものであって、保険金を支払うことが法令や公序良俗に違反しないものでなければならない。被保険利益を金銭に評価した額を保険価額という。 [金子卓治] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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