Insured person - Hihokensha

Although the term "insured" is the same, its meaning is different between non-life insurance and life insurance (relativity of concepts).

(1) In non-life insurance, the insured is a person who has an economic interest (insurable interest) in the absence of an insured event, and therefore who will suffer loss if an insured event occurs and can claim payment of insurance money from the insurer. It is normal for the policyholder to enter into an insurance contract for his/her own insured interest, which is called "self-insurance," while insurance in which the policyholder enters into an insurance contract for the insured interest of another person (for example, a warehouse operator enters into an insurance contract with an insurer for the goods of a shipper that are in their custody) is called "insurance for others." In insurance for others, the other person naturally has the right to claim insurance money from the insurer (Insurance Act, Article 8).

(2) In life insurance, the insured is the person whose life and death are insured. When the policyholder and the insured are the same person, the insurance is called "insurance for one's own life," and when they are different people, the insurance is called "insurance for another's life." In the case of insurance for another person's life, an insurance contract covering the death of that other person as an accident is required for the insurance contract to be valid, and the consent of that other person is required (Article 38 of the Insurance Law). The reason for this is to prevent the risk of gambling insurance and murder with insurance money, and the risk of infringing personal rights.

[Mitsuo Sakaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「被保険者」という用語は、同一であってもその意義は損害保険と生命保険では異なっている（概念の相対性）。

(1)損害保険における被保険者は、保険事故が発生しないことについて経済的利益（被保険利益）を有し、したがって保険事故が発生したときに損害を被り保険者に対して保険金の支払いを請求できる者をいう。保険契約者が自分の被保険利益について保険契約を結ぶのが通常であり、これを「自己のためにする保険」といい、保険契約者が他人の被保険利益について保険契約を結ぶ（たとえば、倉庫業者が預かっている荷主の商品について保険者と保険契約を結ぶ）保険を「他人のためにする保険」という。他人のためにする保険においては、その他人は保険者に対して当然に保険金請求権を有する（保険法8条）。

(2)生命保険における被保険者は、その人の生死について保険がつけられている人をいう。保険契約者と被保険者が同一人である場合の保険を「自己の生命の保険」、別人である場合の保険を「他人の生命の保険」という。他人の生命の保険で、その他人の死亡を事故とする保険契約が有効であるためには、その他人の同意があることを要する（保険法38条）。その理由は、賭博(とばく)保険・保険金殺人危険の防止、人格権侵害の危険の防止にある。

［坂口光男］

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