Cecil Beaton

Japanese: ビートン - びーとん(英語表記)Cecil Beaton
Cecil Beaton

British photographer. His real name was Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton. He was born in London. He grew up in a wealthy family and was familiar with theaters and high society from an early age. In 1913, his nanny introduced him to the use of a Brownie box camera. Eventually, Beaton got his hands on a Kodak camera and began taking pictures of his sisters, his mother, and the family's friends. In 1918, he entered Harrow College, Cambridge, but was more interested in the arts, such as painting, theater, and photography, than his studies. He entered St John's College in 1922, and while still a student, he sent work to the British edition of Vogue magazine, which was recognized, and at the young age of 25, he became the magazine's contract photographer. From then on, he competed with glamorous fashion photographers such as Edward Steichen, George Hoyningen-Huene (1900-68), and Horst Paul Horst (1906-99), while also gaining the trust of the British Royal Family and establishing himself as a "court photographer," being entrusted with portraits of the Royal Family such as the elegant portrait of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (1900-2002) (1930s) and the fresh portrait of Queen Elizabeth II (1950s). A photobook, The Royal Portraits (1988), was later published.

He first visited New York in 1929 and signed a global contract with Conde Nast, the publisher of Bogue magazine, expanding his field of activities to the international Bogue magazine, submitting not only photographs but also design drawings and articles. In 1932, he met actress Greta Garbo, who would later become his lover, and deepened his connection with Hollywood. Beaton's elegant and romantic world of creation quickly became linked to Hollywood movies, and he photographed a succession of silver screen stars such as Gary Cooper, Marilyn Monroe, and Marlene Dietrich.

During World War II, he worked as a documentary photographer for the British Ministry of Information, taking detailed photographs of the London Blitz and the war damage in Asia, including Africa, India, and China. After the war, he returned to London and returned to the world of fashion photography with his New Realism movement, which advocated a high-end lifestyle. In 1963, he designed the costumes and sets for the film My Fair Lady, starring his favorite actress Audrey Hepburn. The following year, the film was a huge success, and Beaton won two Oscars at the Academy Awards. Beaton later said, "I have two careers: one as a photographer, and the other as a set designer." In later years, his fame faded away as he was overtaken by young and talented successors such as Richard Avedon and Irving Penn, but he assimilated into the young art movement of the 1950s and 1960s. He was recognized once again for his portraits of Andy Warhol, Mick Jagger, and Gilbert and George, and in 1968 the National Portrait Gallery held a retrospective exhibition entitled "Portraits 1928-1968". In 1972 he was knighted. After his death, all of Beaton's materials, including over 150,000 photographs, negatives, and scrapbooks, are managed collectively by Sotheby's.

[Hiromi Nakamura]

The Face of the World; An International Scrapbook of People and Places (1957, The John Day Company, New York)The Best of Beaton (1968, Macmillan, New York)Beaton (1980, Secker & Warburg, London) ▽ Beaton; A Studio Book (1980, Viking Press, New York) ▽ Cecil Beaton (1986, Barbican Art Gallery, London)”“The Royal Portraits (1988, Simon and Schuster, New York)”“The Magic Image; The Genius of Photography (1989, Pavillioni, London)”“Cecil Beaton; "Cecil Beaton Exhibition - The Magnificent Dandyism that Runs Through This Century" (Catalogue, 1995, GIP)

[References] | Garbo | Borg | My Fair Lady

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの写真家。本名セシル・ウォルター・ハーディ・ビートン Cecil Walter Hardy Beaton。ロンドン生まれ。裕福な家庭に育ち、幼少のころより劇場や社交界に親しみながら、1913年、乳母(うば)よりブローニー判ボックスカメラの手ほどきを受ける。やがて、コダックのカメラを手にしたビートンは、妹たちや母親さらには一家の友人らの写真を撮り始めた。18年ケンブリッジ大学ハーロー校に入学するが、学業よりも絵画・演劇・写真などの芸術に傾倒。22年セント・ジョーンズ校に入学すると、在学中にイギリス版『ボーグ』誌に送った作品が認められ、弱冠25歳にして同誌の契約カメラマンとなる。以後、エドワード・スタイケンをはじめ、ジョージ・ホイニンゲン・ヒューンGeorge Hoyningen-Huene(1900―68)、ホルスト・P・ホルストHorst Paul Horst(1906―99)といった華やかなファッション写真家たちと競い合う一方で、イギリス王室の信頼を得て、エリザベス皇太后(1900―2002)のエレガントなポートレート(1930年代)や、エリザベス2世の初々しいポートレート(1950年代)などロイヤル・ファミリーのポートレートを一任され、「宮廷写真家」としての地位を確立。のちに、写真集『ザ・ロイヤル・ポートレーツ』The Royal Portraits(1988)が刊行されている。

 1929年初めてニューヨークを訪れ、『ボーグ』誌の出版元であるコンデ・ナスト本社と世界版契約を結んだ彼は、活躍の場所をより国際的な『ボーグ』誌へと拡げ、写真のみならずデザイン画や記事なども投稿するようになる。32年、のちに恋人となる女優グレタ・ガルボと出会い、ハリウッドとの関わりを深める。ビートンのエレガントでロマンチックなクリエーションの世界は、たちまちハリウッド映画と結びつき、ゲーリー・クーパーやマリリン・モンロー、マレーネ・ディートリヒといった銀幕のスターたちの写真を次々と撮る。

 第二次世界大戦中は、イギリス情報省の記録写真家としてロンドン大空襲やアフリカ諸国、インド、中国などアジアにおける戦禍の模様をつぶさに撮影。終戦後は、ロンドンに戻り、高級感のある生活を提唱した「ニュー・リアリズム」でファッション写真の世界に返り咲く。63年にはお気に入りの女優オードリー・ヘップバーン主演の映画『マイ・フェア・レディ』の衣装とセット・デザインを担当し、翌年、同作品は大成功をおさめ、ビートンはアカデミー賞2部門でオスカーを受賞。のちにビートンは「私には二つのキャリアがある。一つは写真家、もう一つはセット・デザインだ」と述べている。後年はリチャード・アベドンやアービング・ペンといった若くて才能のある後進に押されてその名声は消えかけたものの、50~60年代の若者たちの芸術運動に同化。アンディ・ウォーホルやミック・ジャガー、ギルバート・アンド・ジョージらのポートレートで再び評価され、68年、ナショナル・ポートレート・ギャラリーで回顧展「ポートレート1928~1968」が開催された。72年ナイト爵位を授与される。没後、ビートンの15万余におよぶ写真作品、ネガ類、スクラップブック等の資料はすべてサザビー社に一括管理されている。

[中村浩美]

『The Face of the World; An International Scrapbook of People and Places (1957, The John Day Company, New York)』『The Best of Beaton (1968, Macmillan, New York)』『Beaton (1980, Secker & Warburg, London)』『Beaton; A Studio Book (1980, Viking Press, New York)』『Cecil Beaton (1986, Barbican Art Gallery, London)』『The Royal Portraits (1988, Simon and Schuster, New York)』『The Magic Image; The Genius of Photography (1989, Pavillioni, London)』『Cecil Beaton; Photographs 1920-1970 (1994, Schirmer/Mosel, München)』『「セシル・ビートン展――今世紀を駆けた華麗なるダンディズム」(カタログ。1995・G.I.P.)』

[参照項目] | ガルボ | ボーグ | マイ・フェア・レディ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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