...The regulations in the United States, West Germany, Japan, etc. belong to the former category, while those in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Scandinavian countries belong to the latter category. In Japan after World War II, cartels were made illegal in principle with the enactment of the Antimonopoly Act, but illegal (secret) cartels are often uncovered. In recent years, cartel regulations have tended to be strengthened, such as the establishment of a system of penalties for illegal cartels, but on the other hand, policies that tolerate cartels for specific policy purposes are also being implemented. *Some of the terminology that refers to "illegal cartels" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アメリカ,西ドイツ,日本などの規制は前者に,イギリス,オランダ,北欧諸国などの規制は後者に属する。第2次大戦後の日本においては,独占禁止法の制定によりカルテルは原則的に違法な行為とされたが,違法(やみ)カルテルがしばしば摘発されている。違法カルテルに対する課徴金の制度が設けられるなど近年カルテル規制は強化される傾向にあるが,他方では特定の政策目的からカルテルを容認する政策も行われている。… ※「違法カルテル」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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