Hurdy-gurdy

Japanese: ハーディ･ガーディ（英語表記）hurdy‐gurdy

A type of stringed instrument played by friction. Instead of a bow, a disk with rosin on the edge is rotated to rub against the strings, and the pitch is determined by moving a piece of wood attached in a fixed position against the strings; it is a kind of mechanized instrument. Its origins and the origin of its name are unknown, but it has existed in Europe since the 10th century and was used in churches and monasteries. From the 15th century it became a folk instrument, and is still found today in Eastern Europe, Ukraine, Belarus, and other places. It was also an instrument played by street musicians. [Gunji Sumi]

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

擦奏弦楽器の一種。弓の代りに縁に松脂（まつやに）を塗った円板を回転させて弦を摩擦し，音の高さは定位置に取り付けられた木片を動かして弦にあてて決めるようになっている，いわば器械化された楽器。発生も名称の由来も不明であるが，10世紀ころからヨーロッパに存在し，教会や修道院で使用された。15世紀ころからは民間の楽器となり，現在もなお東欧やウクライナ，ベラルーシなどに残っている。辻音楽師の楽器でもあった。【郡司すみ】

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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