Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean; common bean; kidney bean; haricot bean)

Japanese: インゲンマメ(隠元豆) - インゲンマメ（英語表記）Phaseolus vulgaris; French bean; common bean; kidney bean; haricot

An annual plant of the legume family, native to South America. It is also known by other names such as hawkweed and hawkweed. It has compound leaves with three alternate leaflets, which are diamond-shaped and can grow up to 10 cm long. The flowers are white or pale pink, and grow in clusters at the end of a long stalk. The fruit is a long, curved pod that grows to 10-20 cm long. It is now widely cultivated in temperate regions around the world and is one of the most important vegetables. There are many varieties, most of which are creeping, but there is also a short, non-creeping runner bean called the vine bean. The shape and color of the seeds vary greatly depending on the variety. There are brownish-red varieties such as the golden bean, white varieties such as the white round runner bean and the Otafuku bean, light brown varieties with dark brown spots on a light brown background and hawkweed with dark spots on a white background with a brownish-brown area around the hilum. In addition to eating the young pods as pod repellents, mature beans are used to make boiled beans, sweetened sweetened jelly, sweetened sweet bean paste, and sweetened azuki beans. The name "ingen" (bean with kidney beans) is said to have come from the fact that the Zen master Ingen brought them from China long ago, but the beans were actually hyacinth beans. In the Kansai region, hyacinth beans are called ingen mame (bean with kidney beans). The scarlet runner bean is a closely related species.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

マメ科の一年草で，南アメリカ原産。ゴガツササゲ，トウササゲなどの別名がある。3小葉の複葉を互生し，小葉は菱形で長さ 10cmにもなる。花は蝶形花で，白または淡紅色，長い花軸の先に集ってつく。果実は湾曲した長い莢で長さ 10～20cmになる。現在では全世界の温帯に広く栽培され，重要な野菜の一つである。多数の品種がありその多くはつる性であるが，つるにならないで背丈の低いツルナシインゲンもある。種子の形や色模様は品種により変化が多い。褐赤色のものにキントキマメ，白色のものにシロマルウズラマメ，オタフクマメ，淡褐色に濃茶褐色の斑点のあるものにウズラマメ，白地にへその周囲が茶褐色となり濃色の斑紋のあるトラマメなどがある。莢隠元として若い莢を食べるほか，成熟した豆は煮豆，きんとん，あん，甘納豆などにする。インゲンマメの名は，昔隠元禅師が中国から持ってきたことからつけられたといわれるが，その豆は実はフジマメであったという。関西ではフジマメをインゲンマメという。ベニバナインゲンは近縁の別種である。

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