Some parts of a computer program can be run independently in parallel, regardless of which part is running first, and this can sometimes improve the speed of calculations. There are also some types of data, such as images, that should essentially be processed in parallel. In response to this problem, computers that have multiple processing units and can process data in parallel have become a reality. Even if the hardware is not actually built to run in parallel, there are cases where the software is written to run in parallel, and this is also called parallel processing, but there are various difficult algorithmic problems, and it has not yet become widespread. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
コンピュータのプログラムのいくつかの部分は前後に関係なく独立に並行して行うことができるようになっており,またそうすることによって計算速度が向上するという場合がある。また画像などのようにデータやそれに対する処理を本質的に並列に行うべきものもある。このような問題に対し,複数個の処理装置を設けて並行的に処理を行えるようにしたコンピュータも考えられるようになった。またハードウエアが実際に並行的につくられていなくても,ソフトウエアの概念上並行に記述したいということがあり,この場合も並列処理というが,アルゴリズム的に種々のむずかしい問題があり,広く普及するところまではいっていない。
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