Kurume Domain

A Tozama domain located in Mii, Chikugo Province (Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture). The lord was the Arima clan. In 1587 (Tensho 15), Toyotomi Hideyoshi granted this territory to Mori Hidekane in the Kyushu territorial division, and granted him 130,000 koku including additional land in the four counties of Yamamoto, Mii, Kozuma, and Mizuma in Chikugo. However, when he joined the Western Army in the Battle of Sekigahara, his territory was confiscated.

Yoshimasa Tanaka was given the new title of 325,000 koku in Chikugo, and in 1601 (Keicho 6) he entered Yanagawa, and placed his third son Shuzen in Kurume Castle. His successor, Tadamasa, died in 1620 (Genwa 6), leaving the family line without an heir. The following year, Toyoji Arima came to Kurume from Fukuchiyama in Tanba (Kyoto Prefecture) and was given 210,000 koku. The Arima clan continued to rule until the beginning of the Meiji era. In 1710 (Hoei 7), the local chigyo system was changed to a stipend system, and in 1714 (Shotoku 4), the tax collection system was changed to the spring exemption law (which set the tax amount in early spring). In 1720 (Kyoho 5), a major flood left over 9,458 hectares of farmland devastated, leaving many people in poverty. In 1728, the summer tax system was revised, which led to peasant uprisings in the three counties of Ikuha, Takeno, and Yamamoto. Furthermore, as the domain's finances fell into distress, the domain ordered its vassals to collect high-quality rice and imposed taxes on the peasants, including silver per person and silver per ridge, which led to a major uprising in Kurume domain in 1754 (Horeki 4). The domain's lord at the time was the seventh lord, Yoriyuki. Yoriyuki was a master of Seki-ryu Japanese mathematics and also wrote the five-volume book "Shūki sanpo." Kurume Gasuri, a local specialty, began to be woven in the early 19th century, but the domain's finances continued to be poor, with increased issuance of domain notes and accumulated debt, which led to the empty rice stamp riots in 1814 (Bunka 11) in rice trading in Osaka. At the end of the Edo period, Maki Izumi and other Sonno Joi faction members rose to power, but the 11th domain lord, Yorishige, adopted a pro-Shogunate stance and the Sonno Joi faction fled the domain. During the reforms of the early Meiji period, Mizuno Masana and others who were connected to the Restoration government took control of the domain's government. The domain was abolished in 1871 (Meiji 4), and after passing through Kurume Prefecture and Mizuma Prefecture, it was incorporated into Fukuoka Prefecture in August 1876.

[Nagano, Japan]

"Kurume City History Volume 2" (1958, Kurume City)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

筑後(ちくご)国御井(みい)（福岡県久留米市）に置かれた外様(とざま)藩。領主有馬(ありま)氏。豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉は1587年（天正15）の九州知行割(ちぎょうわり)において、毛利秀包(もうりひでかね)をこの地に封じ、筑後の山本・御井・上妻(こうつま)・三潴(みずま)の4郡内に加増を含め13万石を与えたが、関ヶ原の戦いで西軍に加わったため、その所領は没収された。

　新たに田中吉政(よしまさ)が筑後32万5000石を領し、1601年（慶長6）柳川(やながわ)に入部、久留米城には三男主膳(しゅぜん)を配した。その後を継いだ忠政(ただまさ)は1620年（元和6）に没したが、無嗣(むし)絶家となり、翌年、丹波(たんば)（京都府）福知山(ふくちやま)から有馬豊氏(とようじ)が久留米に入部、21万石を領した。以後、明治初年まで有馬氏の支配が続く。藩政では1710年（宝永7）地方(じかた)知行制を俸禄(ほうろく)制に改め、これに伴い14年（正徳4）には、徴租体制が春免(はるめん)法（春先に年貢高を定める）に改正された。1720年（享保5）には大洪水のため田畑9458町歩余が荒廃し、多くの困窮者を出した。1728年に夏年貢の制を改めたことに対し、生葉(いくは)・竹野(たかの)・山本の3郡に農民一揆(いっき)が起こった。また、藩財政が困窮したため、家臣に上米(あげまい)を命じ、農民に人別銀や畝掛(うねかけ)銀などの税を課したことから、1754年（宝暦4）に久留米藩大一揆が起こった。このときの藩主は7代頼徸(よりゆき)であった。頼徸は関流(せきりゅう)和算の大家で、『拾璣(しゅうき)算法』5巻の著もある。特産物の久留米絣(がすり)は19世紀初めから織られるようになったが、藩財政の窮乏はなおも続き、藩札の増発や借財が重なり、大坂の米穀取引で1814年（文化11）空米(くうまい)切手騒動を引き起こした。幕末には真木和泉(まきいずみ)ら尊攘(そんじょう)派が台頭したが、11代藩主頼咸(よりしげ)は佐幕的態度をとり、尊攘派は脱藩。明治初年の改革では水野正名(まさな)ら維新政府に連なる人々が藩政を掌握した。1871年（明治4）廃藩、久留米県、三潴県を経て、76年8月福岡県に編入。

［長野　暹］

『『久留米市史　第2巻』（1958・久留米市）』

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