French mathematician. He was also a lawyer, and while working as legal advisor to King Henry's family (1580-1602), he produced first-class mathematical achievements. Viète's fields of expertise are wide, including cosmology and calendar problems, but in the field of mathematics alone, (1) in his treatise In artem analyticen Isagoge (1591), he used symbols he invented to symbolize unknown and known quantities, making it possible for the first time to use symbols to make general inferences in algebra. As an application of this, (2) in his treatise De aequationum recognitione et emendatione (1615), he presented a general method for solving cubic and quartic equations and a formula for finding the roots. (3) In the above-mentioned Introduction to Analysis, he also adapted the Greek methods of finding unknown theorems, proving problems, and discovering solutions so that they could be applied to algebra. The Greek mathematician Diophantus' Arithmetica was just beginning to be understood and appreciated during this period, but Viète's goal was to explore the extent to which his own symbolic calculation could absorb Diophantus's algebra, excluding indeterminate equations. [Nakamura Koshiro] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの数学者。法律家でもあり、当時のアンリ王室の法律顧問(1580~1602)という激務のかたわら、第一級の数学的業績をあげた。宇宙論、暦の問題などビエトの関連する領域は広いが、数学に限定すると、(1)『解析法入門』In artem analyticen Isagoge(1591)という論著において、彼の創始した記号を用いて、未知量および既知量を記号化し、初めて代数において記号を用いて一般的に推論することを可能にした。その応用として、(2)『方程式の再検と改良』De aequationum recognitione et emendatione(1615)という論文で、三次および四次方程式の一般的解法と根の公式とを提出した。(3)また上記『解析法入門』のなかで、ギリシア伝承の未知の定理、問題の証明、解法の発見法を代数学にも適用できるように改めた。ギリシアのディオファントスの『数論』Arithmeticaはこの時代にようやく理解、評価されるようになったが、ビエトは、彼自身の記号計算が、不定方程式を除いて、どこまでディオファントスを彼の代数学に吸収しえるかを追究することをその目標とした。 [中村幸四郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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