Alexander von Humboldt

Japanese: フンボルト(英語表記)Humboldt, Alexander von
Alexander von Humboldt
Born: September 14, 1769 in Berlin
Died May 6, 1859, Berlin. German naturalist, explorer, and geographer. He laid the foundations for the modern sciences of earth science, ecology, and geography. He was the younger brother of the linguist W. Humboldt. He studied at the University of Göttingen and the University of Mines in Freiburg, and served as the Director of Mining in Franconia from 1792 to 1797. He traveled to Austria, the salt mining regions of Bavaria, Vienna, northern Italy, Switzerland, and other places. From 1799 to 1804, he investigated Central America and northern South America with the support of the Spanish royal family. In 1808, he settled in Paris and devoted himself to writing. He returned to Berlin in 1827, and in 1829, at the invitation of the Russian Tsar, he explored the Urals, Altai, and Ili regions, and in his later years he founded the International Society of Magnetic Observation. His main work is Kosmos (5 volumes, 1845-62).

Humboldt
Humboldt, (Karl) Wilhelm, Freiherr von

Born: June 22, 1767, Potsdam
Died: April 8, 1835. Tegel German linguist and diplomat. Brother of A. Humboldt. Studied at the universities of Berlin, Göttingen, and Jena, and formed friendships with Goethe and Schiller. He studied many of the world's languages, and his view of language, which recognized the inextricable relationship between the language and worldview of each ethnic group, had a great influence on later generations. As a diplomat, he served as ambassador to Rome from 1802 to 1808, and later as Minister of Education. He represented Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. He is also known for founding the University of Berlin (now Humboldt University). In his later years, he retired from politics and devoted himself to the study of comparative linguistics. His main work was Über die Kawisprache auf der Insel Java (3 volumes, 1836-40), published posthumously.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1769.9.14. ベルリン
[没]1859.5.6. ベルリン
ドイツの博物学者,探検家,地理学者。近代科学としての地球科学,生態学,地理学の基礎をつくった。言語学者であった W.フンボルトの弟。ゲッティンゲン大学,フライブルク鉱山大学に学び,1792~97年にフランケン侯国の鉱山事務局長。オーストリア,ババリアの塩鉱地域,ウィーン,北イタリア,スイスなどを旅行。 99~1804年にスペイン王室の援助を受けて中央アメリカ,南アメリカ北部を調査。 08年にパリに定住,著述に専心した。 27年にベルリンに戻り,29年ロシア皇帝の招きで,ウラル,アルタイ,イリ地方を探検,晩年は国際磁気観測学会を創設した。主著に『コスモス』 Kosmos (5巻,1845~62) がある。

フンボルト
Humboldt, (Karl) Wilhelm, Freiherr von

[生]1767.6.22. ポツダム
[没]1835.4.8. テーゲル
ドイツの言語学者,外交官。 A.フンボルトの兄。ベルリン,ゲッティンゲン,イェナの各大学に学び,ゲーテ,シラーと親交を結んだ。世界の多数の言語を研究,各民族の言語と世界観との間に表裏一体の関係を認めるその言語観は後世に大きな影響を与えた。外交官としては 1802~08年ローマ駐在大使をつとめ,のち文相。ウィーン会議のプロシア代表をもつとめた。ベルリン大学 (現フンボルト大学) を創設したことでも知られる。晩年は政界を引退し,比較言語学の研究に専念した。主著は死後公刊の『ジャワ島のカウィ語について』 Über die Kawisprache auf der Insel Java (3巻,1836~40) 。

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