Born: September 14, 1769 in Berlin Died May 6, 1859, Berlin. German naturalist, explorer, and geographer. He laid the foundations for the modern sciences of earth science, ecology, and geography. He was the younger brother of the linguist W. Humboldt. He studied at the University of Göttingen and the University of Mines in Freiburg, and served as the Director of Mining in Franconia from 1792 to 1797. He traveled to Austria, the salt mining regions of Bavaria, Vienna, northern Italy, Switzerland, and other places. From 1799 to 1804, he investigated Central America and northern South America with the support of the Spanish royal family. In 1808, he settled in Paris and devoted himself to writing. He returned to Berlin in 1827, and in 1829, at the invitation of the Russian Tsar, he explored the Urals, Altai, and Ili regions, and in his later years he founded the International Society of Magnetic Observation. His main work is Kosmos (5 volumes, 1845-62). Humboldt |
[生]1769.9.14. ベルリン [没]1859.5.6. ベルリン ドイツの博物学者,探検家,地理学者。近代科学としての地球科学,生態学,地理学の基礎をつくった。言語学者であった W.フンボルトの弟。ゲッティンゲン大学,フライブルク鉱山大学に学び,1792~97年にフランケン侯国の鉱山事務局長。オーストリア,ババリアの塩鉱地域,ウィーン,北イタリア,スイスなどを旅行。 99~1804年にスペイン王室の援助を受けて中央アメリカ,南アメリカ北部を調査。 08年にパリに定住,著述に専心した。 27年にベルリンに戻り,29年ロシア皇帝の招きで,ウラル,アルタイ,イリ地方を探検,晩年は国際磁気観測学会を創設した。主著に『コスモス』 Kosmos (5巻,1845~62) がある。 フンボルト
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