James Harrington

Japanese: ハリントン - はりんとん(英語表記)James Harrington
James Harrington

A British political thinker. Born into an aristocratic family in Northampton. After educating himself at Oxford University, he traveled around the continent, and after returning to England, he devoted himself to research. Although he was emotionally sympathetic to republicanism, he was a personal friend of Charles I, so he did not play an active role in the Puritan Revolution, but accompanied the king. In 1656, after the King's execution (1649), he wrote "Commonwealth of Oceana," in which he envisioned a state with a constitutional assembly, secret ballot system, and rotation of positions, among other unique systems. Although this work did not attract much attention at the time, it was based on the view that political systems are determined by economic structure, and it later became known as the most incisive contemporary analysis of revolution. After Cromwell's death, Harrington continued to pursue his dream of a republic through the Rota Club, a small political circle he created, but he was captured by the Restoration, went insane, and died in 1677. (Book version 1988)
[Toru Koizumi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの政治思想家。ノーサンプトンの貴族の家系に生まれる。オックスフォード大学で教育を受けたのち、大陸を周遊、帰国後は研究に没頭した。心情的には共和政に共感していたものの、チャールズ1世の個人的友人であったため、ピューリタン革命では積極的な役割を果たさず国王に随行していた。国王処刑(1649)後の1656年、彼は『オセアナ共和国』Commonwealth of Oceanaを執筆し、憲法制定議会をもち、秘密投票制、役職の交替制など特異な制度をもつ国家を構想した。この著作は当時こそまったく注目されなかったが、政治制度は経済構造によって決定されるという見解にたっており、のちに革命に関するもっとも鋭い同時代の分析として注目されるに至る。ハリントンはクロムウェルの死後も、自らつくった小さな政治サークル「ロータ・クラブ」Rota Clubを通じて共和制の夢を追い続けたが、王政復古によって捕らえられ、狂気に陥り、1677年、そのまま没した。(書籍版 1988年)
[小泉 徹]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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