This is a condition in which dust is inhaled for a long period of time and accumulates in the lungs, causing irreversible lesions, mainly fibroproliferative changes, in the lung tissue. Depending on the type of dust, there are silicosis, iron dust pneumonia, asbestosis, anthracosis, and lithiasis. It is the oldest occupational disease. Fibrosis occurs in the lungs, forming nodules and forming masses. This causes destruction of the alveolar walls, leading to emphysema and impaired ventilation and blood flow in the lungs. Symptoms include coughing, phlegm, shortness of breath, and palpitations. In many cases, it is complicated by infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia. Once changes occur in the lungs, they cannot be cured by treatment, so preventive measures and early detection are important. Regular medical checkups, work environment management, and compensation for occupational diseases are provided under the Pneumoconiosis Act, the Industrial Safety and Health Act, and the Labor Standards Act. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
粉塵を長期間吸入することによって,それが肺に貯留して,そのため肺組織に線維増殖性変化を中心とした不可逆的な病変を起した状態をいう。粉塵の種類によりケイ肺,鉄粉肺,石綿肺,炭肺,石肺などがある。最も古くから存在する職業病である。肺に線維化が起って結節をつくり,塊状巣を形成する。これに伴って肺胞壁の破壊が起って肺気腫となり,肺の換気・血流障害がもたらされる。症状は咳,痰,息切れ,心悸亢進など。いったん結核や肺炎などの感染症を合併することが多い。肺に変化が起ると治療によって回復させることはできないので,予防対策,早期発見が重要である。塵肺法,労働安全衛生法,労働基準法によって,定期健診,作業環境管理,業務上疾病としての補償が行われている。
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