phlegm

Japanese: phlegm
phlegm

...In stark contrast to the traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine, which has traditionally explained diseases as "sickness" or "diseases" based on changes in qi and wind, this humoral pathology was dominant in Europe until the Renaissance and subsequent developments in anatomy replaced organ pathology (solid pathology). In ancient Greece and Rome, Hippocrates and Galen considered four types of humors: phlegm, blood, melancholy (black bile), and bile (yellow bile). They believed that maintaining balance and harmony among these humors was a condition for health, and that excess, deficiency, or movement of a certain humor would cause mental and physical disorders or pathological conditions. For example, epileptic seizures occur when cold mucus suddenly flows into the blood vessels, cooling and stagnating the blood, but if the flow of mucus is large and thick, it will cause the blood to coagulate, resulting in immediate death. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "phlegm" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…中国や日本など東洋の医学で,昔から気や風の変化から疾患を〈病む気〉,つまり〈病気〉として説明してきたのとはきわめて対照的で,こうした体液病理学による医学的思考は,ルネサンス以後に解剖学が進歩して器官の病理学(固体病理学)と入れかわるまで,ヨーロッパで支配的だった。 古代ギリシア・ローマでヒッポクラテスやガレノスらにより取り上げられるのは,粘液phlegm,血液blood,黒胆汁melancholy(black bile),胆汁(黄胆汁choler,yellow bile)という4種の体液であり,これらの平衡と調和を保つことが健康の条件で,ある体液に過剰,不足,移動などが起これば,心身の変調や病態が生じると考えられた。例えば,癲癇(てんかん)の発作は,冷たい粘液が突然脈管内に流れ込んで血液を冷却,停滞させる場合に起こるが,粘液流が多量で濃厚なときには,血液を凝結させるから,直ちに死を招く。…

※「phlegm」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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