Valignano, Alessandro

Japanese: バリニャーノ（英語表記）Valignano， Alessandro

Born: 1537, Chieti
[Died] January 20, 1606. Macau. Italian Jesuit missionary. Born of an aristocratic family, he was appointed to Goa in 1573 as the Society's Oriental Visitor, and then went to Macau, where he worked to spread Christianity in China. In 1579, he landed at Kuchinotsu on the Shimabara Peninsula as a Visitor to Japan, and preached in various parts of Kyushu and Kinki. He met with Oda Nobunaga together with G. Organtino and others, and was allowed to continue his missionary work. He founded a college and seminary in Azuchi. He sent the Tensho Embassy to Rome at the urging of the three Kyushu feudal lords, Otomo, Arima, and Omura, and accompanied them on the mission. He left Nagasaki in 1581, but remained in Goa and worked hard to spread Christianity in India as the provincial superior there. In the 18th year of the same year, he arrived again in Japan, where Toyotomi Hideyoshi had issued an order to expel missionaries, and the following year he met with Hideyoshi to request that the ban be lifted, but his request was not accepted. He then secretly engaged in missionary work in various places. However, there were many martyrs, and Valignano felt it was dangerous, so he returned to Goa two years later. In 1603 (98), he arrived in Japan again as a missionary, staying until 1605. Later, he visited Macau to inspect the missionary situation in mainland China under Matteo Ricci, and was waiting for an opportunity to visit Japan for the fourth time, but he died of an illness. He was called the "Angel of the Orient."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1537頃.キエティ
[没]1606.1.20. マカオ
イタリアのイエズス会宣教師。貴族の出身で，同会の東洋巡察師として 1573年ゴアに赴任，次いでマカオに行き，中国の布教に努めた。天正7 (1579) 年日本巡察師として島原半島口之津に上陸，九州，近畿の各地で布教し，G.オルガンチノらとともに織田信長に謁見して布教を許され，安土にコレジヨ，セミナリオを創設した。九州の3大名，大友，有馬，大村氏にすすめて天正遣欧使節をローマに送り，みずからも同行して同 10年長崎を去ったが，ゴアに残って同地の管区長としてインドの布教に尽力した。同 18年豊臣秀吉のバテレン追放令下の日本へ再び来航，翌年秀吉に謁して禁令解除を懇請したが，聞き入れられず，ひそかに各地で布教に従事した。しかし殉教者が少くなく，バリニャーノも危険を感じたので，2年後にゴアに戻った。慶長3 (98) 年さらに巡察師として日本に来航して同8年まで滞在，のちマカオでマテオ・リッチの中国本土の布教状況を視察，4回目の日本訪問の機をうかがっていたが，病死した。「東洋の天使」と呼ばれた。

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