Commentary on the sutras - Keitenshakumon

A Chinese book on the phonetics of characters. Compiled by Lu Deming (c. 560-c. 630). 30 volumes. It was compiled in 583 (the first year of the Zhide era of the Southern Chen Dynasty) (or it is said that it began to be compiled in that year). It excerpts characters from 14 scriptures, including the Zhouyi, Shangshu, Mao Shi, Zhouli, Yili, Liji, Zuoshi Zhuan, Spring and Autumn Annals, Gongyang Zhuan, Spring and Autumn Annals, Guliang Zhuan, Book of Filial Piety, Analects, Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Erya, and their standard commentaries. It also shows the pronunciation in the form of a cross cut, provides an interpretation of the characters, and notes any differences in the shape, sound, or meaning of the characters in the various commentaries that existed at the time. It cites many commentaries that have been lost in later generations, and the "Preface" in Volume 1 details the history of the text and commentary for each scripture, making it a valuable resource for Chinese classical studies. After the Southern Song Dynasty, it was printed in parts in the "Thirteen Classics Commentary" and became even more widespread. The "Fan-Chi" is considered important as it shows the pronunciation of the Southern Dynasties at that time.

[Hisao Hirayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の文字音義書。陸徳明(りくとくめい)（560ころ―630ころ）撰(せん)。30巻。583年（南朝陳の至徳1）成書（あるいはこの年に撰述開始という）。『周易』『尚書』『毛詩』『周礼(しゅらい)』『儀礼』『礼記』『春秋左氏伝』『春秋公羊伝(くようでん)』『春秋穀梁伝(こくりょうでん)』『孝経』『論語』『老子』『荘子』『爾雅(じが)』14種の経典とその標準的注釈の文字を摘記して、反切(はんせつ)で発音を示し、また字義解釈を記し、当時存在した種々の注釈書がその文字の字形、字音、字義に相違をみせる場合はいちいちそれを注記した。後世失われた注釈書が数多く引用されており、巻1「序録」には、各経典につきテキストの伝承と注釈の歴史を詳しく述べているので、中国古典学の貴重な資料として用いられる。南宋(なんそう)以後『十三経注疏(ちゅうそ)』に分刻されていっそう普及した。その反切は、当時の南朝の発音を示すものとして重要視される。

［平山久雄］

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