Free contract

Japanese: 有償契約･無償契約 - ゆうしょうけいやくむしょうけいやく

A contract in which both parties make contributions (not limited to property, but also labor, administrative work, etc.) that have a reciprocal relationship throughout the entire process from the conclusion of the contract to the performance of the obligation is called a paid contract, while a contract in which only one party makes a contribution without reciprocity is called a gratuitous contract. While the distinction between bilateral contracts and unilateral contracts is made based on the formal criterion of whether or not each party incurs a reciprocal obligation as a result of the contract, the distinction between paid contracts and gratuitous contracts is made based on the substantive criterion of whether or not losses due to one party's contributions are compensated for by the other party's contributions throughout the entire process of the contract.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

契約当事者双方が，契約の締結から債務の履行までの全過程において，相互に対価的関連を有する出捐（しゆつえん）(財産にかぎらず，労務･事務等を給付すること)をする契約を有償契約といい，当事者の一方のみが対価性のない出捐をする契約を無償契約という。双務契約･片務契約の区別が，契約の効果として各当事者が対価的関連のある債務を負うか否かという形式的基準によってなされるのに対し，有償契約･無償契約の区別は，契約の全過程において一方の出捐による損失が他方の出捐によって償われるか否かという実質的な基準による。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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