Orpheus - Orpheus (English spelling)

Japanese: オルフェ - おるふぇ(英語表記)Orphée
Orpheus - Orpheus (English spelling)

A one-act play by French author Jean Cocteau. Written in September 1925, it premiered at the Paris Arts Theatre in June 1926 by the Pitoeff troupe, and was published in 1927. It is a modern version of the Greek legend of Orpheus, and expresses Cocteau's own views on poetry. The poet Orpheus is led astray by the prophecy of a mysterious white horse, and his wife Eurydice is poisoned to death. This is a plot by a group jealous of the poet's fame, but with the help of the angel Urtibaze, who has taken on the person of a glazier, he manages to bring his wife back from the world of the dead. On the way back, his wife dies again due to carelessness, and Orpheus is brutally murdered, but as a result, they begin a happy life in another world that transcends this world.

It is a "theatrical poem" that uses plenty of stage hallucinations, such as a mirror that travels between the realms of life and death, an operation performed by a beautiful Grim Reaper, a miracle in which an angelic glass seller floats in the air, and the talking head of Orpheus. As the author says, "Orpheus is my Faust," this theme is developed into his later film Orpheus (1949), and is completed in his final film The Testament of Orpheus (1959).

[Motoyoshi Sone]

movie

French film. Produced in 1949. Released in Japan in 1951 (Showa 26). Written and directed by Jean Cocteau. Based on the Greek mythology of Orpheus, Cocteau's play "Orpheus" (written in 1925) was modernized and adapted into a film. A love story about a poet, Orpheus (Jean Marais), who meets a princess (Maria Casares, 1922-1996) at a cafe and struggles with love and death = poetry. Orpheus returns to earth on the condition that he does not see his wife Eurydice from the underworld, but when receiving a code on his car radio, he sees his wife in the rearview mirror and she disappears. Orpheus begins his story in the red-light district of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, is frightened by a speeding motorcycle messenger, is captivated by the elegant beauty of the princess, hears a poem that sounds like a spell, and travels back and forth between life and death. Since his debut work, Poet's Blood (1930), he further repeated and boldly developed the themes of mirrors, time reversal, and slow motion, culminating in a timeless dream in his final work, The Testament of Orpheus (1959).

[Shohei Sakajiri]

"Orpheus" translated by Hiroshi Terakawa (included in "The Masterpieces of Jean Cocteau", 1979, Hakusuisha)""Orpheus" translated by Daigaku Horiguchi (included in "The Complete Works of Jean Cocteau 7", 1983, Tokyo Sogensha)"

[References] | Cocteau | Murray

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの作家ジャン・コクトーの一幕劇。1925年9月執筆、1926年6月ピトエフ一座により、パリ芸術座で初演、1927年出版。ギリシア神話のオルフェウス伝説を現代化してコクトー自身の詩観を述べた作品。詩人オルフェは不思議な白馬の告げる予言に迷い、妻ユリディスは毒殺される。詩人の名声をねたむ一派の謀略だが、ガラス屋に化身した天使ウルトビーズの援助で、妻を死の世界から連れ戻す。その途中、不注意のため妻はふたたび死に、オルフェは惨殺されるが、その結果、現世を超越した別世界で幸福な生活が始まる。

 生と死の領域を往来する鏡、美しい死神の行う手術、天使のガラス売りが空中に浮かぶ奇跡、ものいうオルフェの首など舞台幻覚をたっぷり使った「演劇の詩」である。「オルフェはぼくのファウストだ」と作者がいうように、この主題は後の自作の映画『オルフェ』(1949)に発展し、最後の映画『オルフェの遺言』(1959)に至って完成する。

[曽根元吉]

映画

フランス映画。1949年作品。1951年(昭和26)、日本公開。脚本・監督はジャン・コクトー。ギリシア神話のオルフェウス伝説を題材に、コクトーが現代化した戯曲『オルフェ』(1925年執筆)を、ふたたび主題として取り上げ映画化した。詩人オルフェ(ジャン・マレー)が、カフェで逢った王女(マリア・カザレスMaria Casares、1922―1996)と愛と死=詩を巡って苦悶(くもん)する恋愛譚(たん)。オルフェは、死の国から妻ユリディスを見ないという条件で地上に戻るが、車のラジオで暗号を受信するとき、妻をバックミラー越しに見てしまい、彼女は消える。サンジェルマン・デ・プレ界隈の風俗から始まり、疾走するオートバイの使者におびえ、王女の優雅な美しさに魅せられ、呪文のような詩を聞き、生と死の通路を往還するのがオルフェである。処女作『詩人の血』(1930)以来、鏡、時間の逆行、スローモーションなどをさらに反復、大胆に展開した本作の主題は、遺作『オルフェの遺言』(1959)で無時間の夢想へと至る。

[坂尻昌平]

『寺川博訳『オルフェ』(『コクトー名作集』所収・1979・白水社)』『堀口大学訳『オルフェ』(『ジャン・コクトー全集7』所収・1983・東京創元社)』

[参照項目] | コクトー | マレー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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