Pastoral poetry. Poems that sing of the life of shepherds, the beauty of the countryside, and simple customs. Originating from the Greek poet Theocritus's idyll, idyl, and the Roman poet Virgil's eclogues, they depict the utopia of Arcadia. They were revived during the Renaissance, and were heavily influenced by Jacopo Sannazaro's (1456-1530) Arcadia (1504). Love stories include Sidney's Arcadia (1590), Goethe's Hermann and Dorothea (1797), Milton's Lycidas (1637), which likens the deceased to a shepherd, and Shelley's Adonais (1821). [Hideo Funato] In music, there are two types: (1) From the 15th century to the first half of the 18th century, it refers to poems and plays that imitate ancient pastoral poetry (Tasso's "Aminta" and Guarini's "The Faithful Shepherd"), as well as madrigals and stage works that use it as lyrics or dialogue. In particular, what are called pastoral plays (Lully's "The Feast of Love and Wine") are important as the precursor to opera. (2) Instrumental music in 6/8 or 12/8 time derived from the music of shepherds in southern Italy. The sustained bass reminiscent of bagpipes is topped with a melody that exudes a pastoral atmosphere. There are many works that are particularly associated with Christmas, such as the Sinfonia at the beginning of the second part of J.S. Bach's "Christmas Oratorio" and the Sinfonia Pastorale instrumental interlude in Handel's "Messiah." [Toshiko Sekine] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
田園詩、牧歌。羊飼いの生活や田園の美、純朴な風俗を歌った詩。ギリシアの詩人テオクリトスのアイディルidyll, idyl、ローマの詩人ウェルギリウスのエクローグeclogueに発し、理想郷アルカディアを描く。ルネサンス期に復活、サナツァロJacopo Sannazaro(1456―1530)の『アルカディア』(1504)の影響が大きい。恋物語としてシドニーの『アーケイディア』(1590)、ゲーテの『ヘルマンとドロテーア』(1797)、故人を羊飼いに擬すミルトンの『リシダス』(1637)、シェリーの『アドネイス』(1821)がある。 [船戸英夫] 音楽では次の二つがある。(1)15世紀から18世紀前半には、古代の田園詩を模倣した詩や劇(タッソ『アミンタ』、グアリーニ『忠実な羊飼い』)、さらにはそれを歌詞や台詞(せりふ)として用いたマドリガルや舞台作品をさす。とくに牧歌劇とよばれるもの(リュリ『愛の神と酒神の宴』)は、オペラの前身として重要である。(2)南イタリアの羊飼いの音楽に由来する6/8あるいは12/8拍子の器楽曲。バッグパイプを思わせる持続低音のうえに、のどかな牧歌的雰囲気を感じさせる旋律が響く。J・S・バッハ『クリスマス・オラトリオ』第二部冒頭のシンフォニア、ヘンデル『メサイア』の器楽間奏曲シンフォニア・パストラーレなど、とくにクリスマスと結び付いた作品が多い。 [関根敏子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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