Flame Whip - Kaben

Japanese: 火鞭 - かべん

This was the journal of the socialist youth literature study group, the Hibenkai, which was founded by Kotoku Shusui, Sakai Toshihiko and others at the Heiminsha. Nine issues were published between September 1905 (Meiji 38) and May 1906, when it was merged with Hirameki. In addition to Hibenkai founders Kodama Kagai, Ono Yuka, Yamada Tekikai, Yamaguchi Koken, Nakazato Kaizan, Hara Kagai and Shirayanagi Shuko, other contributors included Uchida Roan, Kinoshita Naoe and Tokuda Shusei. As literary works, they were not necessarily all of high quality, but they did enhance the meaning of criticism by "denounce[ing] the subordination of criticism to creativity."

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

幸徳秋水，堺利彦らの平民社を中心として生まれた社会主義的青年文学研究会，火鞭会の機関誌。1905年(明治38)9月～06年5月まで9号発行され，《ヒラメキ》に合併。火鞭会発起人の児玉花外，小野有香，山田滴海，山口孤剣，中里介山，原霞外，白柳秀湖のほか，内田魯庵，木下尚江，徳田秋声などが執筆している。文学作品としては，かならずしも質の高いものばかりとはいえないが，〈批評を以て創作の隷属となすを弾劾し〉として批評のもつ意味を高めた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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