Batavia Republic

A state established in the Netherlands in 1795 after the collapse of the Dutch Republic. It was named after the Batavi people, the ancient inhabitants of the Netherlands. In the same year, due to the influence of the French Revolution and the invasion of the Netherlands by revolutionary troops, citizens and peasants in the assemblies of the Dutch provinces and cities expelled the aristocratic ruling class and seized power, and Governor William V fled to England, resulting in the collapse of the 200-year-old federal republic. A constituent assembly was held and passed a draft constitution, realizing a unified state and electing five governors to run the government. Human rights and freedom of religion were recognized, and the feudal system, guild system, internal sales tax, and the United East India Company were abolished. Although not completely, the Netherlands abolished feudal relationships and prepared the way for a modern society. In 1806, Napoleon I appointed his brother Louis as King of the Netherlands, bringing an end to the Batavian Republic.

[Fukuya Kurihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1795年、ネーデルラント連邦共和国の崩壊後オランダに成立した国家。古代のオランダ住民バタウィ人にちなんで名づけられた。同年フランス革命の影響と革命軍のオランダ侵入によって、オランダの諸州・諸都市の議会では市民・農民たちが貴族的支配者層を追放して権力を握り、総督ウィレム5世はイギリスに亡命、200年に及んだ連邦共和国は崩壊した。憲法制定議会が開催されて憲法草案を可決、統一国家が実現し、5人の執政が選ばれ政務をとった。人権、信仰の自由が認められ、領主制、ギルド制、内国消費税、連合東インド会社が廃止され、オランダは不徹底ながら封建的諸関係を廃棄して近代社会への道を準備した。1806年ナポレオン1世が弟ルイをオランダ国王に任命し、バタビア共和国は終わりを告げた。

［栗原福也］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例