Slender snipe eel

Japanese: シギウナギ - しぎうなぎ(英語表記)slender snipe eel
Slender snipe eel

A marine fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes and family Sanguinis. It is found in temperate and tropical waters from 55°N to 42°S, from Hokkaido to the Pacific Ocean offshore of Tosa Bay, the East China Sea, and southern Taiwan. The body is laterally compressed and extremely elongated, with a filamentous tail. In immature fish and females, the snout and upper and lower jaws protrude long and beak-like, the upper jaw curves upward and the lower jaw curves downward, and the jaws do not interlock. In mature males, both jaws are short and teeth are lost. The rear end of the upper jaw extends slightly beyond the rear edge of the eye. The anus is significantly forward and opens below the pectoral fin. The dorsal fin begins in front and above the pectoral fin, and the anal fin begins slightly behind the base of the pectoral fin and connects to the caudal fin. The length of both bases is extremely long. The dorsal fin soft rays are 325-423, and the anal fin soft rays are 312-444. The dorsal fin rays are shorter than the anal fin rays, and the central dorsal fin has about 130 rays that are lower than the front and rear ones. There are no scales. There are five lateral line pores on each body segment. There are small holes shaped like the number five on a dice at each of the four corners of the rectangle and one near the center, making three rows of holes overall: upper, middle, and lower. There are about 450-500 vertebrae. The dorsal side of the body is light brown, and the ventral side is dark brown to black. The maximum total length is about 1.4 meters. It lives at depths of 300-2000 meters during the day, and may rise to depths of less than 100 meters at night. It is thought to feed by staying vertically off the seabed and barely moving, with the long antennae of a type of shrimp entwined around its long beak. It passes through the leptocephalus (leaf-shaped larva) stage. It begins metamorphosis at about 21 cm, completing its metamorphosis at about 30 cm, when its body becomes elongated. It rarely enters bottom trawls and mid-water trawl nets. It is sometimes washed up alive on Miho Beach in Shizuoka City.

[Hirotoshi Asano and Kunio Amagaoka February 18, 2019]

Shore eel (specimen drawing)
© Tadaaki Ohkata ">

Shore eel (specimen drawing)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱ウナギ目シギウナギ科に属する海水魚。北海道から土佐湾の太平洋の沖合い、東シナ海、台湾南部など、ほとんど全世界の北緯55度~南緯42度までの温帯から熱帯海域にわたって分布する。体は側扁(そくへん)して著しく細長く、尾部は糸状に延長する。未成熟魚と雌では吻(ふん)と上下両顎(りょうがく)はくちばし状に長く突出し、上顎は上方へ、下顎は下方へ湾曲し、両顎はかみ合わない。成熟した雄では両顎は短く、歯がなくなる。上顎の後端は目の後縁をわずかに越える。肛門(こうもん)は著しく前方にあり、胸びれの下方に開く。背びれは胸びれの前上方から、臀(しり)びれは胸びれ基底のわずかに後方から始まり、尾びれとつながる。両基底長は著しく長い。背びれ軟条は325~423、臀びれ軟条は312~444。背びれ軟条は臀びれ軟条より短く、背びれの中央部の約130の軟条は前後のものより低い。鱗(うろこ)はない。側線孔は、各体節に5個ずつある。長方形の四隅とその中央近くに一つ、さいころの5の目のような形の小孔(こあな)が開き、全体としては上列、中列、下列の3孔列になる。脊椎(せきつい)骨数は約450~500個。体は背側面では淡褐色で、腹側面では濃褐色~黒色。最大全長約1.4メートル。昼間は水深300~2000メートル層で生息し、夜間は100メートル以浅に上昇することもある。海底から離れて垂直姿勢で、ほとんど動かず、長いくちばしにサクラエビ類の長い触角をからませて摂餌(せつじ)していると考えられている。レプトセファルス(葉形(ようけい)幼生)期を経る。約21センチメートルで変態を開始し、30センチメートルほどで変態を終えて体は細長くなる。底引網や中層トロール網にまれに入る。静岡市の三保(みほ)海岸では、ときに生きたまま打ち上げられることがある。

[浅野博利・尼岡邦夫 2019年2月18日]

シギウナギ〔標本画〕
©大片忠明">

シギウナギ〔標本画〕


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