Burgess fauna

Japanese: バージェス動物群 - ばーじぇすどうぶつぐん(英語表記)Burgess fauna
Burgess fauna

A unique fossil fauna found in the Burgess Shale in the Stephen Formation in southern British Columbia, Canada. It was discovered in 1909 by American C. D. Walcott. The trilobites found here indicate that they date to the middle Cambrian period of the Paleozoic era, and the fossils in this layer preserve even the finest details of the soft body and appendages. The sediments are from a suspension flow that occurred under the steep slope of the algal reef at that time, and it is believed that animals carried by a submarine landslide were buried in the sediments in anoxic conditions and quickly escaped decay. A wide variety of fossil animals have been found in this layer, from sponges to protochordata, and more than 100 genera and nearly 150 species have been recorded. Of these, 22 genera of trilobites are the most common, but the same 22 genera of arthropods of unknown affiliation have also been found. Many of them have truly strange forms, and no modern relatives have been found. Furthermore, there are 17 genera that have no similarities whatsoever in the present animal kingdom, and their classification cannot even be determined. This unique fossil fauna is thought to have appeared during an explosive differentiation in the animal kingdom, but eventually disappeared without leaving any descendants, making it a valuable fossil group for evolutionary research. Similar animal groups were subsequently discovered in China and elsewhere, in addition to the Burgess Shale.

[Fujiyama Ienori]

"Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Story of Biological Evolution" by Stephen Jay Gould, translated by Masatake Watanabe (1993, Hayakawa Publishing)""These Wonderful Creatures: From the Cambrian Explosion to the Century of Artificial Life" edited by Hiroshi Aramata (1994, Kadokawa Shoten)""The History of Life Series 1: Cambrian Monsters: Why did evolution explode?" by Simon Conway Morris, supervised translation by Takanori Matsui (Kodansha Gendai Shinsho)"

[References] | Walcott | Sponges | Fossils | Cambrian | Shale | Protochordates | Palaeozoic | Trilobites | Arthropods

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カナダのブリティッシュ・コロンビア州南部のステファン層中のバージェス頁岩(けつがん)の中にみいだされる特異な化石動物群。1909年にアメリカのC・D・ウォルコットにより発見された。古生代カンブリア紀中期のものであることが、産出する三葉虫によってわかるが、この層の化石は軟体部や付属肢の細部までが保存されている。当時の藻礁の急斜面下でおこった懸濁流の堆積(たいせき)物で、海底地すべりによって運ばれた動物が、無酸素の状況下で急速に埋積し腐敗を免れたものと思われる。この地層からは、海綿動物から原索動物まで多岐にわたる化石動物が発見され、100を超す属、150近い種が記録されている。そのうち三葉虫の22属がもっとも多いが、それと同じ22属の所属不明の節足動物がみつかっている。まことに奇妙な形態のものが多く、現生にその類縁がみつからない。さらに現在の動物界にはまったく近似したものがなく、分類上の位置さえ決められないものが17属と続く。このような特異な化石動物相は、動物界に爆発的な分化がおこった際に出現したが、結局子孫を残せないで消滅してしまったものと考えられ、進化の研究に貴重な化石群といわれる。その後これに類似した動物群がバージェス頁岩以外にも中国などで発見されるようになった。

[藤山家徳]

『スティーヴン・ジェイ・グールド著、渡辺政隆訳『ワンダフル・ライフ――バージェス頁岩と生物進化の物語』(1993・早川書房)』『荒俣宏編『このすばらしき生きものたち――カンブリア大爆発から人工生命の世紀へ』(1994・角川書店)』『サイモン・コンウェイ・モリス著、松井孝典監訳『シリーズ「生命の歴史」1 カンブリア紀の怪物たち――進化はなぜ大爆発したか』(講談社現代新書)』

[参照項目] | ウォルコット | 海綿 | 化石 | カンブリア紀 | 頁岩 | 原索動物 | 古生代 | 三葉虫 | 節足動物

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