Capricorn - Capricorn

Japanese: 回帰線 - かいきせん

〘Noun〙① A line of latitude on Earth that is 23 degrees 27 minutes north or south. At the summer and winter solstices, the sun shines on the Earth directly above this line. It is called this line because the sun does not go any further north or south than this line, but after reaching this line, it returns to the equator. Tropic. ※Nigi Ryakusetsu (late 17th century) Part 1 "Lines 1 and 2 of the four minor loops are called tropics. These two tropics are on both sides of the equator."② A graph that shows the correlation between two quantities with a broken line. For example, if you find the average weight of people of the same height, and then take the height on the x-coordinate and the average weight on the y-coordinate and connect them in order, the broken line obtained is called the tropic line for height and weight. [Glossary] During the Edo period, the word "tropic of capricorn" was brought to Edo from Nagasaki by Hayashi Shihei, and passed on to Katsuragawa Hoshu and Otsuki Gensai, and was also passed on among people who gathered at the Edo shogunate's Astronomical Bureau, as represented by the "Kosei Shinpen." However, the general consensus is that it is the "longest day line" or "shortest day line" by Matteo Ricci, or the "summer solstice rule" or "winter solstice rule" by Areni in his "Shokuho Gaiki," and it was not until the 18th century that "tropic of capricorn" became mainstream.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 地球上で北緯または南緯二三度二七分の等緯度線をいう。夏至および冬至のとき、太陽はこの真上から地球を照らす。太陽がこれよりも北または南にいかず、この上に達したのち、再び赤道の方にもどるところからいう。回帰圏。※二儀略説（１７Ｃ後）上「四の小輪線の一と二を回帰線と号す。此二つの回帰線は、赤道の両方にあり」② 二種の量の間の相関関係を折れ線で表わしたグラフ。たとえば、身長が同じである人の体重の平均を求め、ｘ座標に身長、ｙ座標に体重の平均をとって順に結んで得られる折れ線を、身長の体重に対する回帰線という。[語誌]江戸時代、「回帰線」の語は長崎から林子平によって江戸にもたらされ、桂川甫周、大槻玄沢を経、また「厚生新編」に代表される幕府天文方に集まる人々の間で継承されていったが、一般にはマテオ‐リッチによる「昼長線」「昼短線」、アレニの「職方外紀」による「夏至規」「冬至規」などとするのが主流であり、「回帰線」が主流となったのは明治も一〇年代になってからである。

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