In open channel flows, the influence of changes in water level due to structures, the cross-sectional shape of the channel, changes in slope, etc. extends upstream. Backwater occurs when the flow is normal. The area affected by changes in water level is called the backwater section. When the water level in the backwater section rises due to a dam or weir, it is called a backwater, and when the water level in the backwater section drops due to bed sluicing, it is called a drawdown. When used as a translation of backwater, it means a backwater that has been drawn up, and can also mean water that is drawn up by a dam or weir. [Noboru Ikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
開水路の流れで構造物や水路の断面形状、勾配の変化などによる水位変化の影響が上流に及ぶこと。背水は流れが常流(じょうりゅう)の場合に生ずる。水位変化の影響が及ぶ範囲を背水区間という。ダムや堰(せき)などによる水位上昇で背水区間の水位が上昇することを堰上げ背水backwaterといい、床固(とこがた)めなどによる水位低下で背水区間の水位が低下することを低下背水drawdownという。背水がbackwaterの訳語として用いられるときは堰上げ背水を意味し、ダムや堰でせき上げられる水を意味することもある。 [鮏川 登] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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