Centralization and decentralization are said to be the distinction between whether authority is distributed centrally or decentralized within an organization. In business management, for example, in a functional organization, the more the top management has the authority to make decisions regarding activities such as manufacturing, sales, and research and development, the more centralized the organization is said to be, and conversely, the more such authority is delegated to each lower unit, the more decentralized it is said to be. Also, having authority also means having the resources necessary to accomplish one's goals, under one's own decision-making. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
集権と分権とは,組織内において権限の配分が集中的になされているか,分散的になされているかの区別であるといわれる。経営学においては,たとえば,職能別組織において,トップ・マネジメントが製造・販売・研究開発などの活動に関する決定の権限を集中して所有していればいるほどその組織は集権的であるといわれ,反対にそのような権限が各下位単位に委譲されていればいるほど分権的であるといわれる。また権限をもつということは,同時に目的遂行に必要な資源をみずからの決定のもとに保有することを意味する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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