It is a system for quantitatively calculating and evaluating a company's efforts in environmental conservation. In other words, it is a system for recognizing the costs of environmental conservation in business activities and the environmental benefits obtained from those activities, measuring them in monetary or physical units as much as possible, and publishing them. In Japan, there are no laws or regulations regarding environmental accounting, and it is based on voluntary efforts by companies. As a result, it has mainly been large companies that have adopted it, but in order to popularize environmental accounting to more companies, the Ministry of the Environment (formerly the Environment Agency) has been publishing environmental accounting guidelines since 1999 (Heisei 11). The 2005 edition of the Ministry of the Environment's guidelines states the necessity of environmental accounting as follows: (1) Understanding environmental conservation costs and the effects of environmental conservation measures in environmental accounting is an essential element for the sound management of a company. (2) The publication of environmental accounting data reflects a company's commitment to environmental management, and is becoming one of the management measures used when external parties evaluate a company. The environmental accounting recommended by the Ministry of the Environment is a format that shows the costs and effects of environmental conservation in comparison. Environmental conservation costs are calculated by dividing business activities into main business activities, management activities, research and development activities, social activities, and other areas based on their relationship to the environmental burden. Effects are calculated by dividing them into environmental conservation effects (in physical units) that show how much environmental burden was reduced or avoided through business activities, and economic effects (in monetary units) associated with environmental conservation measures that show how much they contributed to business profits. [Yoshito Nakamura] "Evolving Environmental Accounting, 2nd Edition (2009, Chuo Keizaisha)" by Hideki Shibata and Eriko Nashioka Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
企業の環境保全への取組みを定量的に計算、評価する仕組みのことをいう。すなわち、事業活動における環境保全のためのコストとその活動により得られた環境効果を認識し、可能な限り貨幣単位または物量単位に測定して公表するものである。日本では、環境会計に関する法律や規制はなく、企業の自主的な取組みによるものである。そのため、導入しているのは大手企業が中心であったが、より多くの企業に環境会計を普及させるために、1999年(平成11)から環境省(旧環境庁)が環境会計のガイドラインを公表している。環境省のガイドライン2005年版においては、次のような環境会計の必要性が述べられている。 (1)環境会計における環境保全コストや環境保全対策の効果を把握することが企業経営を健全に進めるための不可欠の要素である。 (2)環境会計を公表することが企業の環境経営への取組みの姿勢を表すことになり、外部から企業を評価する場合の経営尺度の一つとなりつつある。 環境省が勧める環境会計は、環境保全のためのコストと効果を対比して示す様式になっている。環境保全コストは、事業活動を環境負荷との関係から主たる事業活動、管理活動、研究開発活動、社会活動およびその他の領域に分けて集計する。効果には、事業活動により環境負荷をどのくらい抑制・回避できたかを示す環境保全効果(物量単位)と、事業収益にどのくらい貢献できたかを示す環境保全対策に伴う経済効果(貨幣単位)に区分して集計する。 [中村義人] 『柴田英樹・梨岡英理子著『進化する環境会計』第2版(2009・中央経済社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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