Bay'a (English spelling)

Japanese: バイア（英語表記）bay‘a

In Islamic society, a contractual act in which a group of people recognizes the authority of a certain person and shows their intention to obey him. It is usually translated as "oath of allegiance," and generally refers to the oath of allegiance to the caliph, the highest authority in an Islamic state. Etymologically, it is said to have derived from the verb bā'a, meaning "to buy or sell," because the method of swearing allegiance, in which people place their hands on the sovereign's hand, resembles the actions of the seller and buyer when a sales contract is concluded. Historically, the precedents are the "women's oath" that Muhammad took with the people of Medina in Aqaba just before the Hijra, and the "oath under the tree" that he received from Muslims before the conquest of Mecca.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

イスラム社会において，一団の人々がある人の権威を認めて，その人に服従の意志を示す契約行為。通常〈忠誠の誓い〉と訳され，おおむねそれは，イスラム国家の最高権威者であるカリフに対する〈忠誠の誓い〉を指す。語源的には，主権者の手の上に人々が手を置くという忠誠の誓いの方法が，売買契約成立時の売手と買手の行為に似ているところから，〈売買〉を意味する動詞bā‘aから派生したといわれる。歴史的には，ムハンマドがヒジュラの直前に，メディナの人々とアカバで立てた〈婦人の誓い〉やメッカ征服以前にイスラム教徒たちから受けた〈樹下の誓い〉を先例とする。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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