Bay - Wan (English spelling)

Japanese: 湾 - わん(英語表記)bay
Bay - Wan (English spelling)

A sea surface that extends into land and opens to the open sea. Bays range in size from extremely large, such as the Gulf of Mexico (southern United States), the Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean), and Hudson Bay (northeastern Canada), to extremely small, such as the bays in the Japanese archipelago and its islands. Since they extend into land from the open ocean, many of the small ones have calm waves, and have developed as harbors or wind-waiting ports. Depending on their origin, they are classified as sunken bays, stepped bays, and flooded bays. The Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Aden (southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula), Kagoshima Bay, and Uchiura Bay (Hokkaido) are good examples of sunken bays, while the Gulf of Alaska (United States) is a stepped bay, and the Yellow Sea and Ariake Sea are examples of flooded bays.

[Masami Ichikawa]

Under international law

A bay is a part of the sea whose coast belongs to the territory of the same country, whose entrance is relatively narrow, and whose intrusion into the land is deep. Traditionally, the entrance of a bay that falls within the territory of a country was limited to 10 nautical miles. However, reflecting the trend of expanding the width of territorial waters, the current UNCLOS now defines an indentation as more than a simple coastal depression, with the entrance of the bay being up to 24 nautical miles wide and including areas of land that are sufficiently deep compared to the width of the entrance. The area of ​​an indentation is defined as being greater than or equal to the area of ​​a semicircle whose diameter is a line drawn across the entrance of the bay. When the width of the entrance does not exceed 24 nautical miles, a closing line is drawn at the entrance, and the waters within the line are considered internal waters. When the width exceeds 24 nautical miles, a closing line is drawn around the bay where the bay narrows to 24 nautical miles and surrounds the largest area of ​​the bay, and the waters within the line are considered internal waters. These restrictions do not apply to historical bays.

[Kou Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陸地の中に入り込み、外海に開口している海面。湾の面積は、メキシコ湾(アメリカ合衆国南部)、ベンガル湾(インド洋)、ハドソン湾(カナダ北東部)のようにきわめて広大なものから、日本列島あるいはその属島にある湾のようにきわめて小規模なものまで存在する。外洋から陸地に入り込んでいるので、小規模なものは、とくにその中は波が静かで、港湾や風待の港として発達している所が多い。その成因によって、陥没湾、階段湾、氾濫(はんらん)湾に分けられる。ベンガル湾、アデン湾(アラビア半島南端)、鹿児島湾、内浦(うちうら)湾(北海道)などは陥没湾の好例で、アラスカ湾(アメリカ合衆国)は階段湾、黄海や有明(ありあけ)海は氾濫湾の例である。

[市川正巳]

国際法上

湾とは、その海岸が同一の国の領土に属し、湾の入口の幅が比較的狭く、かつ海の陸地への入り込みが深い海の部分をいう。従来、一国の領域となる湾は、入口の幅が10海里までの湾とされてきた。しかし領海の幅が拡大される傾向を反映して、現在の海洋法条約では、湾口の幅を24海里までとし、かつ湾の奥行が湾口の幅と比較して十分に深いために陸地に囲まれた水域を含んで、単純な海岸のくぼみ以上の明白な湾入としている。そして湾入の面積が、湾口を横切って引かれた線を直径とした半円の面積以上の広さをもつものとしている。入口の幅が24海里を超えないときには、入口に閉鎖線を引いて、その内側の水域を内水とする。また幅が24海里を超えるときには、湾内で24海里に狭まるところで、かつ湾内に最大の水域を囲むように閉鎖線を引き、その内側水域を内水とする。なおこれらの規制は、歴史的湾に適用されない。

[中村 洸]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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