Bias - Bias (English spelling)

Japanese: バイアス - ばいあす(英語表記)bias
Bias - Bias (English spelling)

A DC voltage that is steadily applied to the control electrode of electron tubes and transistors used in amplifiers and modulators to set a standard for their operation. The bias voltage is the stable value when there is no input signal to the electron tube or transistor. Setting this value at the point where the anode current of the electron tube or the collector current of the transistor flows at about half of the maximum current is called Class A amplification, setting it at the point where current begins to flow is called Class B amplification, and setting it at the point where no current flows at all is called Class C amplification. The appropriate class of bias value is selected depending on the size of the signal to be amplified, the required output size, the acceptable level of waveform distortion, and whether the input is a carrier wave or a modulated wave. In electron tubes, the bias voltage is applied as a negative voltage to the control grid. In transistors, the polarity of the voltage applied to the collector varies depending on the type, but a bias voltage of the same polarity as that applied to the collector is applied.

In tape recorders, a high frequency signal higher than audible frequency is constantly applied to the recording head in order to record with less distortion and noise. This is called high frequency bias, as it stabilizes the recording by keeping the degree of excitation of the tape constant. In television camera tubes, a constant light is sometimes used to illuminate the photoelectric surface, superimposed on the image of the subject, and this is called bias light.

[Iwao Ishijima]

[Reference item] | Amplification circuit

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

増幅回路や変調回路などに用いる電子管やトランジスタに動作の基準を定めるため、制御電極に定常的に加える直流電圧。バイアス電圧は電子管やトランジスタなどに入力信号がないときの安定値となる。この値を電子管の陽極電流またはトランジスタのコレクタ電流が最大電流の半分程度流れる点に設定するのをA級増幅、電流が流れ始める点に設定するのをB級増幅、全然電流が流れない点に設定するのをC級増幅といい、増幅しようとする信号の大小、必要とする出力の大きさ、波形ひずみの許容の程度、あるいは入力が搬送波であるか被変調波であるかによって、適した級のバイアス値を選択する。バイアス電圧は電子管では制御格子に負の電圧として与える。トランジスタでは種類によってコレクタに加える電圧の極性が異なるが、コレクタに加えた極性と同じ極性のバイアス電圧を与える。

 テープレコーダーではひずみや雑音の少ない録音を行うために録音ヘッドに可聴周波数より高い高周波をつねに加えておくが、これはテープの励磁の度合いを一定にして録音の安定化を図るものであり、高周波バイアスとよばれている。テレビの撮像管では被写体の像に重ねて一定の光で光電面を照らす場合があり、これをバイアス光とよんでいる。

[石島 巖]

[参照項目] | 増幅回路

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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