The Norinchukin Bank

Japanese: 農林中央金庫 - のうりんちゅうおうきんこ
The Norinchukin Bank

It is the central institution for cooperative financing related to agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and is also the central institution of the JA (Agricultural Cooperative Association) bank system. It is abbreviated as Norinchukin. It was established in December 1923 (Taisho 12) as the Central Bank of Industrial Cooperatives with investments from the government and the industrial cooperatives and their federations, the predecessors of agricultural cooperatives. In 1938 (Showa 13), it added fishery-related cooperatives, and in 1943, it added forestry cooperatives, and in September 1943 it was reorganized into the current system. The government investment was written off in 1959 (Showa 34), and it has not made any investments since then, but its operations are stipulated in the Norinchukin Bank Act, and it is under the supervision of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Prime Minister.

Norinchukin Bank's main sources of capital are bond issues and deposits from affiliated organizations, and it provides loans to affiliated organizations, discounts bills, exchanges, securities, loans to related industries, safekeeping of securities, call loans, and outsourced services to affiliated financial institutions. Its purpose is to comprehensively adjust the regional and temporal surpluses and shortfalls in the financial structure of affiliated organizations. With the increase in land sales and income from side jobs due to urbanization, deposits from agricultural cooperatives have increased rapidly, and Norinchukin Bank's capital has expanded. Therefore, at the JA Convention in October 2000, the establishment of the JA Bank System was confirmed. The purpose of this is to strengthen competitiveness and improve reliability by creating an agricultural cooperative credit business in which JA, the Shinkin Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations (Shinnouren), and Norinchukin Bank function as a single financial institution, thereby providing high-quality, advanced financial services, and establishing effective measures to prevent bankruptcies. It consists of an intra-system safety net (savings insurance system, mutual aid system) and a system to prevent bankruptcy by taking corrective measures when the capital adequacy ratio falls below 8%. Norinchukin Bank functions as a leading trader by using funds collected through system deposits and agricultural bonds to provide system loans, loans to local governments, loans to public corporations, business corporations, electric power companies, etc., as well as securities management and short-term money market management. As of the end of March 2008, the bank's capital adequacy ratio was 12.47%, its capital was 2,016 billion yen, it had 39 branches in Japan and 5 overseas, 2,944 employees, and assets of 61,085.5 billion yen.

[Tsutomu Muramoto]

"The Norinchukin Bank, ed., 'The 70-Year History of the Norinchukin Bank' (1996)"

[Reference items] | Agricultural cooperatives | Agricultural finance

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

農林水産業関係の組合金融の中央機関で、JA(農業協同組合)バンクシステムの中心機関でもある。農林中金と略称される。1923年(大正12)12月に政府および農業協同組合の前身である産業組合とその連合会の出資によって産業組合中央金庫として設立され、1938年(昭和13)に水産関係の協同組合系統を、1943年に森林組合系統を、それぞれ出資団体に加え、1943年9月に現制度に改組された。政府出資は1959年(昭和34)に償却され、以後は出資していないが、その業務内容は農林中央金庫法に規定されており、農林水産大臣および内閣総理大臣の監督下に置かれている。

 農林中金は、債券発行と所属団体などからの預金を主たる原資とし、所属団体への貸付、手形割引、為替(かわせ)業務、証券業務、関連産業への融資、有価証券などの保護預り、コールローン、関連金融機関の委託業務などを行っている。その目的は、所属団体の地域的、時期的な資金構成の過不足を総合的に調整することにある。都市化の進展などによる土地の売却代金や兼業収入の増大に伴い農業協同組合の預金が急増し、農林中金の資金量は拡大している。そこで、2000年(平成12)10月のJA大会で、JAバンクシステムの構築が確認された。これは競争力の強化と信頼性の向上を図るため、JA・信用農業協同組合連合会(信農連)・農林中金が全体として一つの金融機関として機能する農協系統信用事業をつくることで、良質で高度な金融サービスを提供すること、実効性のある破綻(はたん)未然防止策を確立することがその目的である。系統内セーフティーネット(貯金保険制度、相互援助制度)の整備と自己資本比率が8%を下回ったときに改善措置をとる破綻未然防止システムからなる。農林中金は系統預金と農林債券により集めた資金を、系統貸出、地方公共団体への貸出、公団・事業団・電力会社等への貸出、有価証券運用・短期金融市場運用などで有数の取引者として機能している。2008年3月末現在、自己資本比率12.47%、資本金2兆0160億円、店舗数国内39、海外5、従業員数2944人、資産額は61兆0855億円。

[村本 孜]

『農林中央金庫編・刊『農林中央金庫70年の歩み』(1996)』

[参照項目] | 農業協同組合 | 農業金融

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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