Filmer - Sir Robert Filmer

A leading proponent of the divine right of kings during the Puritan Revolution in England. He was awarded the title of knight. His major work, Patriarchy, which Locke criticized in the first part of the first half of Two Treatises, and which became famous, is said to have been written between 1635 and 1642. Published in 1680, it became a theoretical weapon for royalists during the Restoration period. He asserted the absolute power of the king, arguing that God bestowed the power to rule over his family and descendants only on Adam, and that this power was inherited by the male line of primogeniture, and that royal power originated from this, and opposed the social contract theory, which teaches that power originates from the consent of the people.

[Hiroshi Tanaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イギリス、ピューリタン革命期の代表的な王権神授説論者。ナイトの称号を授けられる。ロックが『政治二論』の前半の第一部で批判し有名となった主著『パトリアーカ』（家父長制論）は1635年から1642年ごろまでに書かれたといわれる。1680年に出版され、王政復古期の王党派の理論的武器となる。神はアダムにのみ家族や子孫を支配する権力を授け、その権力は男系の長子相続によって継承され、王権はこれに由来するとして王の絶対権力を主張し、人民の同意による権力の起源を説く社会契約説に反対している。

［田中　浩］

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