Crayon - crayon (English spelling) French

Japanese: クレヨン - くれよん(英語表記)crayon フランス語
Crayon - crayon (English spelling) French

A stick-shaped art material for school children. The original word is generally used to mean pencil or pencil drawing, but historically it has been a confused term, and in art technique books it is a general term for art materials made by adding binders to powdered pigments. It includes pencils, pastels, sticky chalk, etc., and Leonardo da Vinci wrote about the manufacturing method of the early ones. Japanese crayons were made in 1917 (Taisho 6) based on those imported from the United States, and are made by heating and hardening oils such as paraffin and wood wax as binders. During the Taisho period, free drawing education, which aimed to free children from copying models and have them become familiar with nature directly, was advocated by Kanae Yamamoto and others, and this led to its spread among children nationwide. Later, softer products such as Cray-Pas (product name) were made using wax or coconut oil as binders, but these became more popular for lower grade school children because they could be freely applied and scratched off, and had more possibilities for creating shapes. In recent years, the teaching of techniques that combine crayons and watercolors has also become popular.

[Haruki Yaegashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

学童用の棒状画材。原語は一般に鉛筆、鉛筆画の意味に用いられるが、歴史的には混乱したことばであり、美術技法書では、顔料の粉末につなぎ剤を加えて固めた画材の総称としている。鉛筆、パステル、粘りチョークなどを含み、レオナルド・ダ・ビンチの記述にもその初期的なものの製法がみられる。日本のクレヨンは1917年(大正6)にアメリカから輸入されたものを手本につくられ、パラフィン、木蝋(もくろう)などの油脂をつなぎ剤として熱し固めたものである。大正期、児童を手本の模写から解放して直接自然に親しませようとする自由画教育が山本鼎(かなえ)らによって提唱され、これによって全国児童の間に普及した。その後、クレパス(商品名)など、ワックスややし油をつなぎ剤とした軟質のものがつくられたが、これは、塗り重ねたりかき取ったりすることが自由で、造形の可能性に、より富んでいるため、低学年学童用としてこのほうが一般的になった。近年はクレヨンと水彩絵の具を混用した技法の教育も盛んである。

[八重樫春樹]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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