A general term for highly viscous liquid secreted by living organisms. It is secreted from mucus glands in the epithelial tissue of animals and plants. The chemical composition of mucus varies depending on the organism, but in general, most mucus is composed mainly of polysaccharides and proteins, such as mucopolysaccharides and proteoglycans. Mucus secreted from the epidermis of vertebrates such as fish and amphibians, and many invertebrates such as annelids and mollusks, is said to help protect the epidermis. The inner walls of various organs of vertebrates are covered with mucus and are called mucous membranes. Mucus has various functions other than protecting the epithelium, and in particular in filter-feeding mollusks and annelids, it plays an important role in capturing and transporting food particles. In plants, mucus also functions to capture insects, especially in carnivorous plants such as the insect violet and sundew. Cacti and kelp have specially shaped secretory tissues that store mucus inside, called mucus ducts. Some bacteria also have a mucus-like coating. [Akira Murakami] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物が分泌する粘りの大きい液体の総称。動物、植物の上皮組織にある粘液腺(せん)より分泌される。粘液の化学的組成は生物によってさまざまであるが、一般的には多糖類とタンパク質、たとえばムコ多糖類やプロテオグリカンなどを主成分とするものが多い。魚類や両生類などの脊椎(せきつい)動物、環形動物や軟体動物など多くの無脊椎動物の表皮から分泌される粘液は表皮の保護に役だつといわれている。脊椎動物の種々の器官の内壁は粘液によって覆われ、粘膜とよばれる。粘液は上皮の保護以外にも種々の機能をもち、とくに濾過(ろか)摂食をする軟体動物や環形動物などでは、餌(えさ)となる粒子の捕捉(ほそく)と運搬に重要な役割を果たす。植物においても、ムシトリスミレやモウセンゴケのような食虫植物では、粘液は昆虫などをとらえる機能をもっている。サボテンやコンブには内部に粘液をためた、特別な形をした分泌組織があり、粘液管といわれる。細菌にも粘液状被膜をもつものがある。 [村上 彰] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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