Glossatoren (German: Glossatoren)

Also known as the Glossatoren, this school was founded by Irnerius and revived the academic study of the Corpus Juris Civilis, centered around the Bologna Law School, in conjunction with the momentum for the revival of ancient culture in the 11th and 12th centuries. It is called the Commentarial School because it wrote linguistic criticism and logical commentary between the lines and in the margins of the legal texts in the Corpus Juris Civilis, and commented on legal texts and phrases with glossa. In 1227, Accursius wrote the Standard Commentary Glossa Ordinaria, which compiled the results of this school. Later, in the 14th century, a new school of Roman law research emerged, centered around Bartholus and Baldus at the University of Bologna. Known as the Postglossatoren, the school of commentators, through whom Roman law was put to practical use in the society of the time and became common law, it was passed down throughout early modern Europe and its legal documents were cited in court decisions in later generations, continuing to have a great influence until the compilation of modern legal codices.

[Atsushi Sato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

グロッサトーレンともいう。11～12世紀の古代文化復活の機運と相まって、ボローニャ法律学校を中心にして『ローマ法大全』の学問的研究を復活させた、イルネリウスを始祖とする学派。『ローマ法大全』の学説彙纂(いさん)の法文の行間や余白に言語学的批判や論理的注釈を記入し、法文や語句の注釈glossaをこととしたので注釈学派とよばれている。1227年アックルシウスは『標準注釈』Glossa Ordinariaを著し、この学派の成果を集大成した。その後、14世紀にボローニャ大学のバルトルスやバルドゥスを中心に新たなローマ法研究の学派が現れた。後期注釈学派Postglossatorenとよばれ、ローマ法はこの学派を通じて当時の社会に実用化されて普通法となり、近世ヨーロッパ各地に継受されて、その法文献は後世の判決の際に引用されるなど、近代の法典編纂(へんさん)が行われるまで大きな影響を与え続けた。

［佐藤篤士］

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