It has the smallest carbon number of any alkane, and is also called marsh gas. As its name suggests, it is produced by the fermentation of dead plants and other organic matter in the mud at the bottom of a swamp. It is also the main component of natural gas. It is also found in petroleum fractions and gas produced by the pyrolysis of coal. It is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas. The methane molecule has a regular tetrahedral structure with four hydrogen atoms at the vertices and a carbon atom at the center, and is highly symmetric, with a carbon-hydrogen bond distance of 0.109 nm and all HCH angles being 109°28′ ( ).It is used as a fuel, but when mixed with air at a volumetric rate of 15-50%, it explodes. It is the main component of household natural gas. In addition to being a fuel, it is used industrially by oxidizing it to formaldehyde (HCHO) or methanol (methyl alcohol) (CH 3 OH), or by reacting it with chlorine to produce methylene chloride (CH 2 Cl 2 ) , chloroform (CHCl 3 ) , and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) . [Takeo Sato and Masaru Hirota, November 18, 2016] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |©Shogakukan "> Structure of methane (diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルカンのなかで炭素数のもっとも少ないもので、沼気(しょうき)marsh gasともいう。その名のとおり、沼の底の泥土中で枯れた植物等の有機物が発酵して生じる。また天然ガスの主成分でもある。石油留分や石炭の熱分解生成ガス中にも含まれる。無色、無臭の可燃性気体。 メタンの分子は、四つの水素原子を頂点として炭素原子がその中心に位置する正四面体構造をとっていて、きわめて対称性がよく、炭素‐水素結合距離は0.109ナノメートル、すべてのHCH角は109°28′の四面体角である( )。燃料として用いられるが、空気中に15~50容量%含まれている混合ガスは爆発する。家庭用天然ガスの主成分である。燃料以外の用途としては、酸化によってホルムアルデヒドHCHOや、メタノール(メチルアルコール)CH3OHに変えたり、塩素と反応させて塩化メチレンCH2Cl2、クロロホルムCHCl3、四塩化炭素CCl4を得る反応などが工業的に利用されている。 [佐藤武雄・廣田 穰 2016年11月18日] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |©Shogakukan"> メタンの構造〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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