When an animal becomes capable of reproducing while still in the larval or juvenile form. This is also called paedomorphic maturation or pupamorphic maturation. For example, the larvae of the axolotl (Mexican salamander) do not undergo metamorphosis, but are capable of reproducing with their gills protruding. There are several other known examples of neoteny in living animals. These are thought to show the mechanism by which new animals emerge during the evolutionary process, rather than simply showing examples of ontogeny. An example is the origin of vertebrates. The larvae of the protochordate sea squirt are tadpole-shaped, have a notochord, and live a free-swimming life, but mature sea squirts that live a sedentary life after metamorphosis only have a vestigial notochord. There is a theory that some sea squirts became capable of maturing while retaining their notochord-like larval form and free-swimming life, and that this gave rise to fish. [Shigeo Takeuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物が幼虫あるいは幼生の形のままで生殖可能な状態になること。幼形成熟、幼態成熟ともいう。たとえばアホロートル(メキシコサンショウウオ)の幼生は変態せず、えらを出した状態で生殖可能となる。このほかに現生の動物のネオテニーの例がいくつか知られている。これらは単に個体発生の変形の例を示すというより、進化の過程で新しい動物が出現する仕組みを示すものと考えられている。例として脊椎(せきつい)動物の起源がある。原索動物のホヤの幼生はオタマジャクシ型で脊索をもち遊泳生活をしているが、変態後定着生活をする成熟したホヤは痕跡(こんせき)的な脊索しかもたない。ホヤの仲間から、ネオテニーにより脊索をもち遊泳生活を送る幼生形を維持しながら成熟可能になったものが現れ、それから魚類が生じたという考え方がある。 [竹内重夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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