Calcium chloride - enkarushiumu (English spelling) calcium chloride

Japanese: 塩化カルシウム - えんかかるしうむ(英語表記)calcium chloride
Calcium chloride - enkarushiumu (English spelling) calcium chloride

A compound of calcium and chlorine. It is sometimes called salt calcium. It occurs naturally as minerals such as hydrophyllite (KCaCl 3 ) and tachyhydrite (CaMg 2 Cl 6・12H 2 O). It is also found in seawater at about 0.15%. Industrially, it is produced by adding calcium hydroxide to the wastewater from the distillation tower in the ammonia soda process. Another method is to react limestone (calcium carbonate) with by-product hydrochloric acid. If the temperature of precipitation from the aqueous solution is below 29°C, a hexahydrate is produced, but at 29-45°C, a tetrahydrate is obtained, and at 45°C or higher, a dihydrate is obtained. It becomes monohydrate at 175°C and anhydrous at about 300°C. The anhydrous form is an orthorhombic crystal, while the hexahydrate (specific gravity 1.68 at 17°C, melting point 29.92°C) is a trigonal crystal, and their structures are completely different. Both the anhydrous and each hydrate are colorless and deliquescent, and dissolve well in water and ethanol (ethyl alcohol). The anhydrous also dissolves in acetone and acetic acid. The anhydrous and dihydrate are used as drying agents for various substances, but are unsuitable for use with ammonia and alcohol because they form molecular compounds. Other uses include antifreeze for highways, brine for making ice and frozen desserts, tofu coagulant, soil conditioner, raw material for the chemical industry, and for the manufacture of calcium metal.

[Torii Yasuo]

Pharmaceutical

Calcium chloride and calcium chloride injection are listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. For medical use, 2% or 3% aqueous solutions and 0.5 molar solutions for electrolyte correction are used. It is also included as a component of Ringer's solution. It is used to supplement calcium for the purpose of strengthening bones and teeth and promoting growth, but the injection is more often used clinically as a therapeutic drug than as a nutritional agent. That is, because calcium acts as a blood coagulation promoting factor and is also related to muscle contraction, it is used for hypocalcemic tetany, convulsive and bleeding disorders, as well as skin diseases such as urticaria, eczema, drug rash, and pruritus. Intramuscular injection is risky as it may cause local necrosis, so it is injected intravenously.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Chlorine | Calcium [Supplementary information] | Calcium chloride (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

カルシウムと塩素の化合物。塩カルとよばれることもある。天然にはハイドロフィライトKCaCl3、タキハイドライトCaMg2Cl6・12H2Oなどの鉱物として産出する。また海水中に約0.15%含まれている。工業的には、アンモニアソーダ法の工程における蒸留塔廃液に水酸化カルシウムを加えることによって製造される。ほかに、石灰石(炭酸カルシウム)に副生塩酸を作用させる方法も行われる。水溶液からの析出温度が29℃以下であると六水和物が生ずるが、29~45℃では四水和物が、45℃以上では二水和物が得られる。175℃で一水和物に、約300℃で無水物となる。無水物は斜方晶系の結晶、六水和物(17℃での比重1.68、融点29.92℃)は三方晶系の結晶で、構造はまったく異なる。無水物、各水和物とも無色で潮解性があり、水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)によく溶ける。無水物はアセトン、酢酸などにも溶ける。無水物と二水和物は各種物質の乾燥剤に用いられるが、アンモニアやアルコールとは分子化合物をつくるので、これらに対しては不適当である。そのほかに高速道路凍結防止剤、製氷・冷菓製造用鹹水(かんすい)、豆腐凝固剤、土質改良剤、化学工業用原料、金属カルシウムの製造など多くの用途がある。

[鳥居泰男]

医薬用

日本薬局方には塩化カルシウムと塩化カルシウム注射液が収載されている。医療用には2%または3%の水溶液、および電解質補正用に0.5モルの水溶液が使われる。また、リンゲル液の組成としても含まれている。骨格や歯牙(しが)の強化、発育促進などを目的としてカルシウムの補給に使われるが、注射液は栄養剤としてよりも治療薬として臨床的に使われることが多い。すなわち、カルシウムの作用が血液凝固促進因子として、また筋収縮にも関係することから、低カルシウム血症性テタニーをはじめ、けいれん性素因や出血性素因のほか、じんま疹(しん)、湿疹、薬疹、瘙痒(そうよう)症などの皮膚疾患などに使われる。筋肉注射をすると局所壊死(えし)の危険があるため、静脈注射を行う。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 塩素 | カルシウム[補完資料] | 塩化カルシウム(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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