Ramón Maria Narváez

Spanish military man and politician. He was promoted to brigadier general (1836) for his efforts in the Carlist Wars, and later entered politics. At first he was close to the progressive faction, but after clashing with Espartero he switched to the moderate faction. He went into exile during Espartero's regency, and after the successful coup of 1843 he became a leader of the moderate faction. From 1844 to 1868, he was in power several times, including two years of progressive governments and five years under O'Donnell. The defining feature of his policies was the strengthening of the state, both in terms of administration and finance, and in terms of law and order. He prevented the 1848 Revolution, which swept across Europe, in Spain, while also exerting his power in suppressing the Carlist uprising. He also repaired relations with the Vatican, which had deteriorated due to the confiscation of church property. His long rule brought about political corruption, and he died on April 23, 1868, amid the rise of the anti-moderate movement. He was a central figure in supporting Isabella's regime with his belief that "to govern means to prevent revolution," and the monarchy was overthrown five months after his death (the September Revolution).

[Jiro Nakatsuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

スペインの軍人、政治家。カルリスタ戦争における活躍で陸軍准将（1836）になり、その後政界に入る。初めは進歩派に近い立場をとっていたが、エスパルテロと対立して穏健派に移った。エスパルテロの摂政(せっしょう)期には亡命し、1843年のクーデター成功ののちは穏健派の指導者的存在となる。1844年以降68年まで、途中2年間の進歩派政権、オドンネルの5年にわたる政権などを挟んで、数次にわたって政権を担当した。政策の特徴は、行財政のうえでも、治安の面でも、国家を強化するところにあり、ヨーロッパ全体を襲った1848年革命をスペインで防止する一方、カルリスタ蜂起(ほうき)の鎮圧にも力を振るう。また教会財産の没収で悪化したローマ教皇庁との関係を修復した。長期にわたる政権は政治的腐敗をもたらし、反穏健派の運動が高揚するなかで、1868年4月23日死去。彼は、「統治とは革命を阻止することである」との信念をもってイサベル体制を支えた中心的存在であり、彼の死から5か月後にイサベル王政は倒れた（九月革命）。

［中塚次郎］

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