A delta plain developed in the northwest of Kumamoto Prefecture, downstream of the Kikuchi River, facing Shimabara Bay. The plain, also known as the Tamana Plain, covers an area of about 50 square kilometers and includes the Kikuchi River delta, the southern foot of the Tamana low mountains, and the northern foot of Mt. Kinpo. The delta is mostly made up of weathered granite, but only about 30% of it was formed by natural land reclamation. The rest was created by land reclamation projects that began at the end of the 16th century. Before the Meiji period, these projects were often carried out using funds from the Kumamoto domain or village fees, and local farmers were given the right to cultivate the land after it was completed, based on their labor. Since the Meiji period, there have been constant disputes over the ownership of these lands. Land reclamation continued mainly by landowners after that, but after the completion of the Taisho Hiraki (27.3 hectares) in 1924, it was carried out by the national or local governments. Yokoshima Kantaku (505 hectares), completed in 1975, was the largest land reclamation project in the history of this region. Receiving water allocations from the Kikuchi River, agriculture, which differs from traditional rice farming, is carried out, focusing on dairy farming, tobacco and rush cultivation. As the plain expanded through the integration of reclaimed land that was developed at different times, the complex network of irrigation and drainage canals was a bottleneck in the consolidation of land use. However, as part of the prefectural Tamana Plain Land Improvement Project, which began in 1961 and ended in 1964, the integration of irrigation at the Shiraishi Weir headworks was completed, and since then, management of the approximately 3,500 hectares of rice paddies on the plain has become smoother, and greenhouse cultivation of strawberries and tomatoes as secondary crops has increased. [Yamaguchi Morito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
熊本県北西部、菊池川下流、島原湾に臨んで発達した三角州平野。菊池川のデルタを中心に、玉名低山地の南麓(なんろく)、金峰(きんぽう)山の北麓の段丘礫(れき)層からなる台地を含めた面積約50平方キロメートルの平野で、玉名平野ともいう。デルタは、大部分、花崗(かこう)岩の風化物で構成されているが、自然陸化で形成されたものは約30%で、ほかはすべて、16世紀末から始まった干拓事業によって造成されたものである。明治以前の同事業が、熊本藩費あるいは郷(ごう)費を資力に、地元農民の労働力提供を元に、完成後の土地の耕作権を農民に与えることで行われた場合が多かったので、明治以後、これらの土地の所有権をめぐって争いが絶えなかった。干拓は、その後も主として地主によって進められたが、大正開(ひらき)(27.3ヘクタール)の完成(1924)を最後に、国あるいは地方自治体で行われている。1975年(昭和50)に完成をみた横島干拓(よこしまかんたく)(505ヘクタール)は、この地方の干拓史上でも最大のもの。菊池川から用水配分を受け、伝統的な稲作農業とは異なった酪農、タバコ・イグサ栽培を中心とする農業が営まれている。造成年代の異なる干拓地の統合によって拡大した平野であるだけに、錯綜(さくそう)した用排水路が土地利用の集約化の隘路(あいろ)であったが、1961年に始まり1964年に終了した県営玉名平野土地改良事業で、白石堰(しらいしぜき)頭首工への水利統合が完成してからは、同平野約3500ヘクタールの水田管理が円滑化し、裏作としてイチゴ、トマトの施設園芸が増大している。 [山口守人] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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