A city in northwestern Turkey, capital of Bursa Province. It is located about 20 km from the south coast of the Sea of Marmara, on the hills at the north-northwest foot of Mount Ur (2,543 m). It is believed to have been founded by a Bithynian king in the 3rd century BC. It prospered throughout the Byzantine period, but became part of the Seljuk Turks at the end of the 11th century. Since the First Crusade in 1096, it has changed rulers many times, and after the sack of Constantinople in 1204, it became the center of the Byzantine resistance against the Crusaders. It became the first capital of the Ottoman Empire in 1326, and continued to grow and prosper even after the capital was moved to Edirne in 1413, and was one of the three capitals of the empire until the 17th century. In addition to mosques such as Ulu Camii and Yesher Camii, it contains the tombs of Osman I, Mehmet I, and other founders of the Ottoman Empire. In the 15th century, it was the center of raw silk trade, and by the 17th century, it was known throughout Europe and Asia for its silk textiles. Today, it is still thriving as a trade center for cotton and wool textiles. It also has industries such as canned goods, dairy products, and machinery. It is connected to Istanbul by air. In 2014, it was registered as a World Heritage Site, along with the nearby Cumalikzuk, as the birthplace of the Ottoman Empire. Population: 1,734,705 (2013 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
トルコ北西部の都市で,ブルサ県の県都。マルマラ海南岸より約 20km,ウル山(2543m)の北北西麓の丘陵に位置する。前3世紀,ビティニアの王によって建設されたとみられる。ビザンチン時代を通じて繁栄したが,11世紀末にセルジューク・トルコ領(→セルジューク朝)となった。1096年の第1次十字軍以来しばしば支配者を変え,1204年のコンスタンチノープル略奪後は,十字軍に対するビザンチンの抵抗運動の中心地となった。1326年にオスマン帝国の第一首都となり,1413年に首都がエディルネに移ったのちも成長と繁栄を続け,17世紀まで帝国の三首都の一つとされた。ウル・ジャーミ,イェシェル・ジャーミなどのモスクのほか,オスマン帝国の建国者であるオスマン1世,メフメット1世などの墓がある。15世紀には生糸交易の中心で,17世紀までには絹織物でヨーロッパ,アジアに知られ,綿・羊毛の織物とともに今日も盛ん。缶詰,酪農製品,機械などの工業もある。イスタンブールとは空路で結ばれる。2014年,近郊のジュマルクズックとともに,オスマン帝国発祥の地として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。人口 173万4705(2013推計)。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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