A type of climate in the polar regions. Polar climates are divided into tundra and snowy climates, but the climate in which the average monthly temperature in summer is between 0°C and 10°C, the surface layer of the frozen soil temporarily melts, and mosses and lichens grow is called tundra climate (Köppen ET climate). Winters are extremely cold, with temperatures sometimes dropping below -45°C. This climate is found mainly along the Arctic coast of Scandinavia, Greenland, Russia, Alaska, Canada, and other areas. Farming is impossible in this climate, and a few indigenous peoples, such as the Sámi and Eskimo, have relied on fishing and hunting to make a living. It is an important region for underground resources such as oil, military and scientific research, Arctic shipping routes, and air routes, and the lifestyle of the people is becoming increasingly Westernized. However, it is said to be strongly affected by global warming, and there are reports of the collapse of permafrost in some areas. [Shuji Yamashita] [Reference] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
寒帯の気候区分の一つ。寒帯気候はツンドラ気候と氷雪気候に二分されるが、夏季の月平均気温が0℃以上10℃未満で、凍土の表層部分が一時的に融解し、コケ植物や地衣類が生育する地域の気候をツンドラ気候(ケッペンのET気候)という。冬は極度に寒く、気温が零下45℃以下になる日もある。この気候はスカンジナビア、グリーンランド、ロシア、アラスカ、カナダなどの北極海沿岸を中心に分布している。このような気候下では農耕は不可能で、サーミやエスキモーなどの少数の先住民は、漁獲や狩猟に生活を依存してきた。石油などの地下資源、軍事や科学研究、北極航路、航空路などにとって重要な地域であり、人々の生活様式も西欧化が進んでいる。しかし、地球温暖化の影響を強く受けるとされ、一部では永久凍土層の崩壊も伝えられている。 [山下脩二] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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