Doran - André Derain

Japanese: ドラン - どらん(英語表記)André Derain
Doran - André Derain

French painter. Born June 10th in Chatou, a suburb of Paris. From 1898 to 1899, he attended the Académie Carrière in Paris, where he learned about Matisse. In 1900, he met Vlaminck by chance, who lived in the same area, and they shared a studio together, working hard on their creations. The two of them became known as the Chatou School, and became one of the important foundations of Fauvism. His production was temporarily halted from the end of 1901 to 1904 due to military service, but after his return, he rapidly developed his style as his interactions with the Chatou School and Matisse and others deepened. Recent research has shown that Derain, ahead of Matisse, successfully mixed various post-Impressionist avant-garde techniques and was the first to achieve the Fauvist style. Later, influenced by Matisse, Derain became deeply involved in the pointillism techniques of Neo-Impressionism, but as a result he acquired a clearer sense of color, and after spending the summer of 1905 with Matisse in the port city of Collioure in southern France, he became one of the central Fauve painters who boldly used vivid colors. In the autumn of the same year, his works were exhibited in Room 7 of the Salon d'Automne, which could be considered a manifesto of Fauvism. Representative works from this period include Sunset on the Thames (1906).

A few years later, however, he was drawn to Cubism through his inclination towards Cezanne's strict construction and his friendship with Picasso and Braque, and his main interest shifted to issues of form and composition, while his use of vivid colors became more subdued and somber. However, he never took Cubism to the extreme of breaking down form. He continued his own unique explorations, subsequently turning to early Italian Renaissance paintings, Gothic art, and the styles of past French painters, and with his calm style, which bore no relation to the flamboyance of the Fauve era, he established himself as something of a neoclassicist who carried on the classical tradition into the modern era. He died in Chambourcy on September 2, 1954.

[Tatsuji Omori]

[References] | Cubism | Pointillism | Fauvism | Vlaminck | Matisse

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの画家。6月10日パリ郊外シャトゥーに生まれる。1898~99年、パリのアカデミー・カリエールに通い、ここでマチスを知る。また1900年に同じ地区に住むブラマンクと偶然出会い、彼とアトリエを共有して制作に励む。2人はシャトゥー派ともよばれ、フォービスムの重要な母体の一つとなった。01年末から04年にかけて兵役のために制作は一時頓挫(とんざ)するが、帰還後は、シャトゥー派とマチスらとの交流の深まりとともに、急速に作風を進展させた。近年の研究では、マチスに先んじてドランが、印象派以後の種々の前衛的手法を首尾よく混合し、いち早くフォービスムのスタイルに到達したとされる。その後マチスの影響でいったん新印象主義の点描画法に深入りしたものの、それによって色彩に対するよりいっそう明晰(めいせき)な感覚を獲得したドランは、05年の夏、南仏の港町コリウールでマチスとともに過ごしてから、鮮烈な色彩を大胆に用いるフォーブの中心的な画家の1人となる。同年秋のフォービスムのマニフェスト(宣言)ともいうべきサロン・ドートンヌの第七室に彼の作品も展示された。このころの代表作に『テムズ川の落日』(1906)などがある。

 しかし2、3年後、セザンヌの厳しい構築に対する傾倒や、ピカソ、ブラックらとの交友によってキュビスムに接近、主要な関心をフォルムと構成の問題に向け、一方、鮮烈な色彩は抑制されて重厚なものになる。だが彼は、キュビスムを極端に推し進めてフォルムの分解にまで至ることはなかった。その後、初期イタリア・ルネサンスの絵画やゴシック芸術、あるいはフランスの過去の画家たちの作風などに傾倒しながら独自の探究を続け、かつてのフォーブ時代の華やかさとは無縁の落ち着いた画風によって、古典的伝統を現代に引き継ぐ新古典主義者とでもいうべき立場を確立した。54年9月2日シャンブールシーで没。

[大森達次]

[参照項目] | キュビスム | 点描 | フォービスム | ブラマンク | マチス

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