It is a direct use of the Chinese term, and in Japanese it is called 'menmoku' or 'honmen', meaning appearances to society. In old Chinese society, one's outward attitude and behavior determined one's value, and public opinion and what others thought restricted one's attitude and actions. In feudal Japan, too, the class system was strict, and samurai behaved so as not to tarnish their appearance. When we say "to save face" or "to make appearances," we mean an attitude or behavior that maintains dignity by putting on a facade, even though there is no substance to it. There is more to this than just the negative aspects of focusing on appearances and formality; there is also the aspect of bringing sophistication and elegance to human interactions by respecting the appearances of others while maintaining one's own appearance. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中国語をそのまま使用したもので,日本語としては面目,体面ともいい,世間に対する体裁を意味する。古い中国の社会では外面的な態度や行動がその人の価値を決定し,世間体,他人のおもわくが人の態度,行動を制約した。日本でも封建社会では身分制がきびしく,武士はその体面をけがさないように行動した。「面子を立てる」とか「体面をつくろう」という場合,その実がないのに表面だけをつくろって威厳を保つ態度,行動を意味している。こうした外面性,形式性に偏したいわば悪い面ばかりでなく,自己の面子を保ちながら他人の面子も重んじることにより,人間同士の交際に洗練と優雅をもたらす面もある。
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